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River Landforms (River Tees (Upper Course - has hard impermeable rocks,…
River Landforms
River Tees
Upper Course - has hard impermeable rocks, vertical erosion forms a V-shaped valley, location of the UK's highest waterfall - High Force
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Lower Course - contains large meanders, oxbow lakes, levees, a large estuary with mudflats and seabanks supporting wildlife
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Waterfalls and gorges
- soft rock is underneath the hard (resistant) rock, which erodes first
- hard rock is undercut forming an overhang
- plunge pool created underneath the hard rock due to abrasion and hydraulic action
- gets bigger until hard rock has no support and falls
- waterfall moves upstream
- gorge is left on the side
Meanders
- river goes around a bend > more erosion on the outside as water is pushed there
- lateral erosion on outside forms an undercut - river cliff
- water on the inside slower and lacks energy so it deposits - slip off slope
Oxbow lakes
- neck of a meander gets close
- during flood/heavy discharge, river takes the shorter/easier route, cutting off the meander
- oxbow lake left behind
Floodplain
wide, flat surface that gets covered in water when the river banks burst. formed from eroded interlocking spurs and gains height over time as material is deposited there during floods. used for agriculture, as alluvium-rich
Levees
- high discharge during floods and velocity and energy is reduced when the river breaks the banks > deposits material onto floodplain
- banks of deposited material builds up
- more floods > further deposition on banks and beds
- raised banks = levees
- river flows above flood plain (increased height)
Deltas
found at the mouth of a river and arranged into topset, foreset, and bottomset beds of the load being deposited as the velocity of the river decreases as the river flows into the sea
Estuaries
the open mouth of the river where it meets the sea. volume of water changes with the tide and where there is less water, silt is deposited to create mudflats