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R&D and innovation (research and development and technological change)
R&D and innovation
research and development and technological change
R&D spillovers
technology (knowledge) spillovers
Knowledge spillovers occur due to the imperfect suitability of information associated with innovations. Simple patent protection, incapability of keeping innovations and reverse engineering applications contribute to the prevalence of R & D. When knowledge produced by a country contributes to the innovation process of other countries, international knowledge spillovers or diffusion of knowledge between countries occur
look at Cincera paper ((Cincera, M. and de La Potterie, B.V.P., 2001)
rent (market) spillovers (product market rivalry effect of R&D)
International rent spillovers increases show that the prices of imported intermediate input and capital goods do not completely include product innovation or quality improvement resulting from innovation activities. For that reason, the analysis of productivity growth has to take into consideration the indirect benefits arising from the technological development of goods and services produced by trade partners. Rent spillovers rise as quality of intermediate inputs prices for quality improvements resulting from R & D investments in other countries or firms is not precisely adjusted. This failure to incorporate a higher quality towards the exit prices is accepted as the result of imperfectly monopolistic pricing resulting from competitive pressures in the innovation industry
note: Griliches's (1979) pioneer article describes the two main sources of potential externalities created by R & D activities, which are rent (market) spillovers and knowledge spillovers
R&D collaboration
internationalising R&D collaboration (trade and R&D collaboration)
R&D collaboration (customer, universities, cooperation across innovation output), we will use UK innovation survey dataset (UKDS.stat).
research activities
Applied Research
Experimental Development
Basic Research
R&D effects on
long-term productivity
economic growth
asking questions:
Robotise factory--- machine importing,
R&D Spillovers- input and output across sector, R&D internal spillover –sector,