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Antibiotics (Types (Beta Lactams (Penicillins - these treat streptococci…
Antibiotics
Types
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Beta Lactams
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Amoxicillin - used to treat enterococci for pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and UTIs
How They Work
Bacteriostatic: Antibiotic prevents growth of bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis or DNA replication
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Resistance
Mechanisms of Resistance
- Destroying antibiotic - e.g. Beta lactamase enzyme hydrolyses beta lactam ring of penicillins
- Preventing antibiotic access - bacteria can modify their porin channel size and number
- Changing antibiotic target - bacteria changes binding site on a molecular level. E.g. MRSA - flucloxacillin can no longer bind to staphylococci
- Removing antibiotic from bacteria - efflux pumps in the bacterial membrane remove the antibiotic
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