Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Drugs of Abuse (■ BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF DRUGS OF ABUSE (DRUGS THAT MEDIATE…
Drugs of Abuse
■ BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF DRUGS OF ABUSE
DRUGS THAT MEDIATE THEIR EFFECTS VIA IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS
NICOTINE
BENZODIAZEPINES: most used among sedative/hypnotics; cause severe dependency and tolerance; withdrawal syndrome may cause seizures and death; should decr gradually or replace w/ long acting
ALCOHOL
KETAMINE & PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
INHALANTS
DRUGS THAT ACTIVATE GIO-COUPLED RECEPTORS
CANNABINOIDS
marijuana: D9-THC; dependency and tolerance, hallucinogen
GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID
OPIOIDS
Tramadol
morphine, heroine: very quickly and severely cause dependency and tolerance; opium doesn't cause much tolerance
methadone given in dysphoria phase for treatment
when quitting, naltrexone and clonidine given to block euphoric effects if drugs used
(also
Buprenorphine
)
withdrawal syndrome painful but not fatal
LSD
, MESCALINE, & PSILOCYBIN:
LSD a hallucinogen, 5HT R
;
flashback phenomenon
;
no particular tolerance/dependency
DRUGS THAT BIND TO TRANSPORTERS OF BIOGENIC AMINES
CNS stimulants: dependency and tolerance not that important; involve serotonergic and dopaminergic; main danger: overdose
ECSTASY (MDMA): death very common: BP, HR incr, dehydrated, strokes and arrhythmias, treatment resistant psychosis
AMPHETAMINES
Cocaine
Dimethyltryptamine DMT
■ BASIC NEUROBIOLOGY OF DRUG ABUSE
Addiction
: induce strong feelings of euphoria and reward; repetitive exposure--> induce adaptive changes such as
tolerance
(ie, escalation of dose to maintain effect); Once no longer available--> signs of withdrawal
Reinforcement