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Chapter 6 (6-3 ossification and appositional growth are mechanisms of bone…

- - - - long bones- are longer than they are wide
      - short bones- roughly equal to long bones
      - Flat bones- thin and relatively broad
      - Irregular bones- complex shape that does not fit easily into any other category
      - diaphysis-that surrounds a central marrow cavity containing bone marrow
      - bone marrow- a loose connective tissue
      - epiphyses- expanded portions at each end, covered by articular cartilage
    - - Compact bone- relatively solid
      - Spongy bone or cancellous bone- resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces
    - - which radiates through the matrix
    - - basic function of compact bone- osteon
      - Central Canal- contains one or more blood vessels
      - Perforating canals- provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the central canalwith those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity
      - Lamellae form rods or plates called-trabeculae
    - - Osteocytes- mature bone cells, maintains normal bone structure by recycling the calcium salts in the bony matrix, assisting in repairs.
    - - Osteon- the basic functional unit of compact bone
      - Central Canal- that contains one or more blood vessels
      - Perforating canals-provide passageways for linking the blood vessels of the canals with those of the periosteum and the marrow cavity.
      - Trabeculae-the lamellae form rods or plates
    - - Osteocytes-Mature bone cells
      - Osteoclasts- are giant cells with 50 or more nuclei
      - Osteoblast-are the cells responsible for the production of new bone
- - - - provides support for the structure
      - individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
    - - bones store energy reserves as lipids in areas filled with yellow marrow
    - - Red blood cells, white blood cells, and other blood elements are produced within red marrow, which fills cavities of the bone
    - - soft tissue and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements
        
        ribs protect the heart and lungs, Skull encloses the brain
    - - Functions as levers that changes the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscle
- - - - Medial sternal ends
      - Lateral acromial end
      - Provide attachments for many muscles
    - - Flattened, triangular bones
    - - Humerus= upper arm bone
      - Radius= forearm bone on the same side as thumb
      - Ulna= forearm bone on same side as pinky
      - Hand
        
        Carpals
        
        Scaphoid
        
        Lunate
        
        Trapezium
        
        Triquetral
        
        Pisiform
        
        Hamate
        
        Capitate
        
        Trapeziod