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Bovidae (Others (Bison (appearance (horns (short, black bulls curve down…

- - - - rut in Nov/Dec
        
        rarely fight or headbutt
        
        do threaten each other
        
        billies paw rutting pits where they urinate
        
        Nannies get territorial in winter
        
        gestation 6 months
    - - BC, but not on van island
        
        Alberta and Yukon
    - - steep, rocky slopes
        
        above treeline
        
        tide line on rugged coast
        
        grazer & brower
        
        grasses, lichens, herbs, bushes, trees
        
        lower elevation in winter
        
        salt licks
    - - colour
        
        white all year
        
        black nose, eyes, lips, horns, hooves
      - horns
        
        slender, erect, stilletto-like
        
        black
        
        up to 30 cm long
        
        annuli shows age for both sexes
        
        females
        (nannies)
        
        thinner
        
        larger space between horns
        
        straighter with curved tip
      - size
        
        males (billies_ 90-120 cm tall
        
        billies weigh 70-120 kg
        
        females (nannies) 55-75 kg
      - body parts
        
        short tails
        
        narrow, long ears
        
        blocky profile
        
        large front shoulders
        
        large hooves with rough pads
        
        pads extend beyond hoof
        
        pads can grasp
      - hair
        
        long, rough hair
        
        long hollow outer guard hair
        
        shorter fine dense undercoat
        
        bushy beard
  - - - swing massive heads to clear snow
        
        can run 40 miles in a day
        
        herds form
        
        bulls form their own groups
        
        rut from july to sept
        
        rut is displays & sometimes fights
        
        gestation 9 mos, to single red calf in May
    - - northern BC
        
        farmed in BC
        
        herd of 1000 in north Peace
    - - specialized grazers
        
        sedges and grasses
        
        in summer, some willow leaves
        
        wet meadows, reed grass, willows, open prairie
        
        may travel thru forest for shelter
    - - horns
        
        short, black
        
        bulls curve down
        
        cows curve in towards head
      - size
        
        mature bulls are 2X cows
        
        2m high and 500-900kg
      - hair
        
        front is chocolate brown, woolly hair
        
        rest is smooth, short, copper-brown hair
        
        bulls have thicker hair on faces,
        more luxurious coat
      - body parts
        
        shoulder hump
        
        huge front quarters
        
        longish tail
        
        short head
    - - wood bison
        bison bison athabascae
        
        larger
        
        darker
        
        steeper shoulder hump
        
        found in boreal forests
      - plains bison
        bison bison bison
- - - - Types
        
        Rocky Mountain
        
        California
        
        more open horn curl
        
        larger
      - facts
        
        appearance
        
        colour
        
        brown
        
        white on muzzle, belly, inner legs & rump
        
        small dark tail on white rump
        
        horns
        
        massive brown horns
        
        spiraling backwards around ears and up to nose
        
        horns keep growing
        
        growth slows during rutting
        
        growth pattern causes rings (Annuli)
        
        can reach 127 cm and 43 cm in diameter
        
        female (ewe) horns smaller
        
        ewe annuli less distinctive
        
        size
        
        105 cm height
        
        135-145 kg weight
        
        depends on habitat
        
        habitat
        
        mountain slopes w/ sparse trees
        
        lower elevations in winter
        
        browser & grazer
        
        distribution
        
        southern 1/2 of province
        
        bahaviour
        
        sexes separate in winter
        
        old rams leave earlier
        
        males form bands
        
        spectacular head-butting
        
        herds up to 100
        
        home range passed down
    - - Facts
        
        Habitat
        
        rough terrain
        
        rockslides, tundra
        
        graze on broadleaved plants,
        twig tips, grass
        
        distribution
        
        remote north
        
        behaviour
        
        small herds
        
        fall rut
        
        summer, higher slopes
        
        appearance
        
        horns
        
        sprial out away from head
        
        ram horns heavier & spiral wide
        
        annuli can age a ram
        
        colour
        
        only white sheep
        
        golden eye
        
        hooves and horns pale gold
        
        size
        
        about 1 m tall
        
        about 80 kg
        
        rams larger
      - Types
        
        Dall's
        
        smaller
        
        Stone's
        
        very dark
        
        white on face, belly, inner legs, rump
        
        horns yellow-brown
- - - - heavy horns
        
        male
      - thinner horns
        
        female
  - - - Bison
    - - Mountain goat