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The Skeletal System (6.1 Skeletal Primary Functions :warning: (Blood Cell…
The Skeletal System
6.1 Skeletal Primary Functions :warning:
Blood Cell Production
Produces red, white, and other blood elements
Protection
ribs & pelvic bones
Storage
The calcium salts of bone represent a valuable mineral reserve that maintains normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids, they also store energy reserves as lipids
Leverage
allows movement in different magnitudes and directions
Support
Provide framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
Test!
Regulatory Functions of the skeletal system include
Maintaining blood calcium levels
Which of the following is only found in compact bone
Osteons
6.2 Bone Shape & Structure :star:
Macroscopic Features
Flat Bones
thin and relatively broad, such as the parietal bones of the skull (parietal bone)
Irregular bones
have complex shapes (vertebrae in spinal column)
Short Bones
dimensions are roughly equal(carpal bones)
Long Bones
longer than wide (humerus, femur)
Features of Long Bone
Epiphyses
Bone Marrow
Diaphysis
Microscopic Features
osteocytes
mature bone cells, recycle calcium salts in bony matrix around themselves and assist in repairs
llamellae
sheets of calcified matrix
canaliculi
small channels radiating through matrix
6.3 Ossification and Appositional growth
Calcification- the deposition of calcium salts, occurs during ossification, but can also occur in other tissue
Ossification- replacing other tissue with bone
Endochondral Ossification- ossification of existing hyaline cartilage
Step 2 :<3: Bone formation first occurs at the shaft surface, blood vessels invade perichondrium, and cells of its inner layer differentiate into osteoblasts that begin producing bone matrix
Step 3 :<3: Blood vessels invade inner region of cartilage, newly differentiated osteoblasts form spongy bone within center of shaft at the primary ossification center. Shaft is filled end to end with spongy bone.
Step 4 :<3: As bone enlarges, osteoclasts break down some spongy bone and creates a marrow cavity
Step 1 :<3: Process begins, chondrocytes within the cartilage model enlarge and the surrounding tissue begins to calcify, and chondrocytes begin to die from lack of nutrients
Intramembranous Ossification- begins when osteoblasts differentiate within embryonic or fetal fibrous connective [tissue]
6.4
6.5