Traditional Classification of Proposition

According to traditional logician copula should be in present tense of word to be

Simple proposition

Affirms or denies

predicate of Subject

Compound proposition

Assertion

Under certain condition

These Two to be read in a manner of relation- not to deep but relatable

Categorical and conditional Proposition

Categorical

Conditional

Hypothetical

Disjunctive

Affirms or denies

predicate of subject

Absolutely

Assertion made subject

To expressed condition

Condition

with consequences followed from it

antecedent

Consequent

States condition

Expresses Consequence

Alternatives are stated

at least one of it is true

Keynes considered

non exclusive

Reminder ; disjunctive proposition outline method

Quality of proposition

Classified as

This definition is valid only for categorical proposition

Classification Basis

Affirmative

Negative

However

Hypothetical prop can be classified accordingly

Hypothetical prop

affirmative

negative

consequent follows antecedent (condition)

consequent doesn't follow antecedent (condition)

Disjunctive Prop

Always affirmative

No distinctions of quality

Quantity of proposition

Exceptional Case

predicate

denied or affirmed

Signs of Quantity

Whole

subject

Then

universal

part of

Subject

Then

Particular

All

Some

Remember :Only these two are signs of quantity ☝👆

Important: It is used to express quantity as well as quality

Some

posibility

that assertion may be about 'all'

Fact: Only , universal when we are certain predicate applies to whole subject

read this with 'some'☝

Used

When

assertion is about a part

Bcoz

Of its non exclusive nature (clarification needed)

Fourfold Classification Of Proposition

Classification

According to

Quantity and Quality

Universal

Affirmative

Negative

Predicate

Affirmed

Of Whole Subject

Denied

Of Whole Subject

All S are p

No S are p

Particular

Affirmative

Negative

Predicate

Affirmed

Of Part of subject

Predicate

Denied

Of Part of subject

Some S are P

Some S are not P

Quantity and Quality

Denoted more Conveniently

As A E I O

U Surely Know this

Kant

Added

Singular proposition

under the said head

Singular Proposition

predicate

affirmed or denied

single definite individual

They r universal

According to traditional logician copula should be in present tense of word to be

Copula

This a fact - which nobody cares about

All - Each- Every -Any

Affirmative

Negative

Bring to form of A Proposition

Bring to O propostition

Collective and Distributive Use of Subject Term

Collective

Distributive

When attribute applies to all the members of the class taken together

When attribute applies each member of the class separately

subject term is taken collectively ,here.

So predicate is denied or affirmed of the subject

Hence it is universal

subject term is taken distributively,here.

When

Affirmed

Denied

Universal Affirmative

Particular Negative

Conceptual Data

Bcoz

'All not'

Means 'Some not'

Exceptions are born out in this case 👆

Reminder : Refer to examples of this , if required

Articles

Situation

a and an

mean 'any' or 'all'

Reduce to form of 'A proposition'

They are used before subject term to indicate quantity

mean 'one thing'

Reduce to form of 'E proposition'

Refer to the examples effectively 👆

Noteworthy examples for reduction of prop

Quantity signs - always, whatever ,wherever, whenever, invariably, necessarily and absolutely

Similar to quantify sign 'all'

Hence Universal in nature

A and E - depending , on situation

no,never,not at all, and not a single

Reduction to E proposition

Bcoz , predicate is denied of subject

most ,many,a few,certain, almost all, all but one, and several

Particular Proposition

I and O - depending, on situation

mostly,generally, frequently, often, perhaps, nearly always, sometimes and occasionally

Indicates

Particular Proposition

Deep Fucking examples

Few

It has negative significance

Means - ' Some not'

Occurs in a negative sentence

Reduced to form of I proposition

A Few

Different from 'few'

It has positive force

Reduce to form of I and O - depending, on situation

Numerically Definite Proposition

Predicate

Is affirmed or denied of some definite proportion of the subject

Keynes View is accepted

Proposition Give exact info about the exact proportion

examples are imp here : refer it in the book

Indefinite Proposition

Quantity is not defined

They do not contain words such as some, all, most and many

we have to decide from the info that is provided, whether, prop is universal or particular

Includes

Proverb

Because of universal force , reduce it to universal proposition.

Reminder ( Attention Required ) I have skipped ,some of the reduction of prop types, because I thought they were repetitive .Eventually ,I thought to create and do something more innovative as , my mind is in a position to do it.

Which is determined by copula -i have a pun here

bcoz subject term is single individual which is taken under an entire denotation

Unclear analogy - Simple Prop

Sentence must be affirmative

Affirmative - A prop, Negative - E prop

Occurring in affirmative sentence - I prop and contrary for O prop

I and O -depending, on proposition