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The Pilgrimage of Grace (Consequences of the Pilgrimage of Grace (How was…
The Pilgrimage of Grace
Causes
Religious
Dissolution of the Monasteries- was a direct attack on Catholicism they provided food, clothing and shelter to people in North- so caused spiritual, social and economic welfare- In 1535 the Valor Ecclesiasticus was ordered (commissioners sent out and surveys completed on state of monasteries). also in 1536- Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monastries
The Banner that was used in the rebellion was itself religious which shows that there were religious causes- as it had the wounds of Christ on it, the name of Jesus and the Crown of Thorns
Purgatory was seen as being under threat- due to the dissoulution of monasteries, the ending of saint days and of papal supremacy which meant that the lay people couldn't do good works and reduce their time in purgatory.
Monks and Clergy were involved in the rebellion- which shows that it is about religion as religious people themselves are involved.
There was religious imagery, oaths, songs and propaganda used in the rebellion- which have the pilgrimage of grace a religious aura
The removal of holy days- e.g in 1536- the priest failed to announce St Lukes Day- which caused unrest.
Political
Cromwell- they opposed Cromwell's policies- like the Treason Act which he introduced in 1534, the Royal Supremacy of 1534 and heresey and the rebels also blamed Cromwell's advisors Richard Rich and Thomas Audely- e.g Francais Bigod who carried on with the rebellion after hated Cromwell , yet he was against monasteries and was supporter of the new religion- SHOWS HE WAS POLITICALLY MOTIVATED NOT RELIGIOUSLY.
Faction Struggle- Aragonese vs Boleyn- many people disliked Anne Boleyn and preferred Catherine of Aragon- so people rebelling against Anne Boleyn being queen. E.G Lord Hussey was part of the arroganese faction
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Power- it can be argued that the pilgrimage was an attempt by nobility to increase their own power and influence in court-as they were angry at the position of Cromwell and Anne Boleyn- comewell was made vice regent in 1535 e.g Lord Hussey had weaker authority in the North- so perhaps wanted to increase his power there.
Economic
Taxation- opposition to Cromwell's taxing in a time of peace; taxation is usually done in wars - the 1534 Subsidy Act and there were also possible taxes being introduced on ceremonies, like christenings. , burials and marriages
Enclosure- which is to fence off a piece of land- which increases productivity and profitability of land- so it removed the rights to graze animals on there- NEED TO SAY WHO INTRODUCED THIS ETC AND WHO WAS DOING IT
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Boarding tenures- granting of land in return for military service- earl of Northumberland who was involved; he was being pressured to leave his land for the crown
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Historian debates
Some argue that the pilgrimage of grace was because of the defeated court faction (the nobility and gentry)- and that they were responsible for getting the ordinary people involved as the nobility hated Cromwell and devised a plan to increase their own power.
However, some also argue that the pilgrimage of grace was a genuinely popular rebellion of the common people who were very angry at the Governments religious changes and it was then joined by people from a higher social group.
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