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Language and Social Class (Terminology (norm (Product of standardisation,…
Language and Social Class
Terminology
norm
Product of standardisation, with social ideas grafted onto it. Made to sound normal and appropriate.
Corpus Planning
Deliberate interference in the structure of a language
standardistation
process by which we reach a standard language
to reach a language with social prestige rather than finding stylistically better language
status planning
Where you try and change the way in which a language is used.
E.g. You can write your A level exam in either English or Welsh
Purism
a fixed idea of what language should be and how it should be based on the understanding of language norms. Insists on the importance of the norm.
The norm and purism
Le bon usage - French for standard French. 'Bon' implies that there is a bad french. Set language 'le bon francais' but also a 'good' way to use this language.
Apendix Probi - 7th Century Gollo-Romance text listing words where latin term was not deemed apropriate and the Gallo-Romance term should be used.
Loi Toubon
Law created in 1994, stating that anglicisms in advertisements, TV and discourse that can be controlled by government are not to be used if a French word already exists to have the same meaning.
Understanding Social Class
Marxist Theory. Not nuanced enough.
Bourgeoise
Proletariat
Profession
Highest level of study
Type of housing
Working Class
Regularisiation of irrelgular verbs
Loss of feminine forms
Subject duplication
Style
(Aspect of intra-speaker variation.)
Francais soigné
'Careful' French. Often defined by what it is not. It lacks spontaneity, impulsiveness and subjectivity. It is as neutrally framed as possible, precise and accurate.
Francais familier
Most widely used French, especially in speech. Use of rhythm, intonation and volume. Often breaks SVO rule. Open to abbreviations. Tendency to exaggerate (e.g. j'adore instead of j'aime.)
Francais non-standard
Absence of personal pronouns. Lack of agreement. Minimal pairs are often lost.
Variation in interrogatives.
Francais soigné
Inversion
francais familier
use of est-ce que
francais non-standard
rising intonation