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Biology (Genome(Connects to everything) (Chromosome (Mutation (When a…

- - - - Base Pair
        
        A base pair is one of the pairs of compounds A-T or C-G, that make up the strands of DNA within the chromosomes.
        
        PICTURE GOES TO ALL GENOME, CHROMOSOME, DNA, GENE, PROTEIN
      - One set of instructions on a strand of DNA for an inherited trait
      - Genotype
        
        The combination of genes for one or more specific traits
        The set of genes in your body.
      - Allele
        
        One of the alternative forms of a gene that govern for a certain characteristic
        
        Characteristic
        
        A feature that has different forms in a population
        
        Trait
        
        A genetically determined characteristic
        
        FOR ALLELE TRAIT AND CHARACTERISTIC
      - Phenotype
        
        Used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents
        What your offspring looks like
      - Protein
        
        A protein is smaller than a gene but holds the instructions or ability to do things to help your body function. For example move liquids.
      - Genetic Variation
        
        The distinction of genes and alleles
    - - When a change happens to a part of the body. For example say chromosome 9 was damaged which damaged the gene which damaged the protein which damaged an organ making your body not ran as smoothly. This would result in a negative trait for yourself.
      - Mutation explained: Mutations connect to so much in genetic because so much of your organism can be changed which would mean that a large percentage of your body can be changed through mutations or process.
        
        Alelle,Trait, Characteristic, Gene, Chromosome, Selection,
    - - The X and Y determine gender.
- - - - A reproductive process that involves two parents (male and female) that combine their genetic material to produce a new, unique organism with traits that are similar to both parents.
        Advantages: Unique, may not be affected by diseases unlike others.
        Disadvantages: Must find mate, takes a while, can create harmful mutations.
      - Homozygous Dominant
        
        HH
        
        Dominant
        
        The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred. This is shown with a capital letter.
      - Homozygous Recessive
        
        hh
        
        Recessive
        
        A trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
      - Heterozygous (hybrid)
        
        Hh
        
        Having two different alleles of two different genes(Having a dominant and recessive gene)
      - Punnett square
        
        Used to organize all the possible combinations of offspring from particular parents
        
        This shows a punnet square with 3 recessive and 1 dominant. This means that there's a 50% chance of the dominant trait and 50% chance of a recessive trait.
      - Incomplete Dominance
        
        A genetic state when one allele doesn't dominate another
      - Codominance
        
        When neither allele dominates the other which means a little of each
      - Intentional breeding to create an organism: Genetic Cross
      - Natural Selection
        
        This data shows that on different tree backgrounds different moths will die. Which would mean natural selection as they adapt to their environment.
        
        Peppered Colored Moths/Black moths
        
        Natural selection is the process which animals better themselves in their environment(adapt) and produce more offspring.
    - - The process of reproduction involving only a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
        This means that anything that reproduces asexually will have a baby that is an exact replica.
        Advantages: Large amount of offspring, don't need to find a mate, can colonize quickly.
        Disadvantages: Since they're clones harmful mutations can get passed down, not unique, can create greater competition for food, bad condition can wipe out everything.
      - Artificial Selection
        
        Dog breeding This is artificial selection because us humans chose which species of dogs we wanted to breed yo create the dogs we wanted.
        
        Cloning Is artificial selection because it is an exact replica which is what asexual reproduction is.
        
        Artificial Selection: The breeding to produce certain traits