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Biology (homozygous dominant (homozygous recessive (hh), Heterozygous (Hh)…
Biology
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Heredity the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
chromosome
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genes
proteins
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3-1
Develop and use a model to describe that structural changes to genes (mutations) may or may not result in changes to proteins, and if there are changes to proteins there may be harmful, beneficial, or neutral changes to traits.
genome
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
3-3(MA). Communicate through writing and in diagrams that chromosomes contain many distinct genes and that each gene holds the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which in turn affects the traits of an individual.
3-4(MA). Develop and use a model to show that sexually reproducing organisms have two of each chromosome in their cell nuclei, and hence two variants (alleles) of each gene that can be the same or different from each other, with one random assortment of each chromosome passed down to offspring from both parents.
unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
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reproduction
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3-2
Construct an argument based on evidence for how asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction.
sexual
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advantages
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More variation assists with survival. It increases the chance that at least some offspring of a parent survive.
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natural selection
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
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phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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trait
a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
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Artificial selection is the intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits. In organisms that reproduce sexually, two adults that possess a desired trait — such as two parent plants that are tall — are bred together.
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