social segregation & Economic Inequality

MEDC's

factors that influence social segregation

Socioeconomic inequalities in LEDC locations

Solutions

Economic Inequality

Social Segregation

When groups of people live apart from the larger population due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age

Difference between levels of living standards, income etc across the whole economic distribution

Housing Stock

Tenure

Income

Family status/ Life cycle

Ethnicity

Social housing

Social & economic issues

Higher crime

Homelessness

Increased health issues

Increased demand on public services

Declined sense of community

low education rates

Lower SOL

Less social mixing

Poverty

Segregation of wealth

Discrimination

Strategies to manage issues

Improve education

Increased public services

Improved housing

Jobs and investement

Taxation

Subsidies

Planning

Law

Education

Deindustrialisation issues

Dereliction

Unemployment

Crime

Violence

Reasons for deprivation and decay

Economic

Environmental

Social

Unemployment, outmigration, less money to spend, depression, crime, population declines, lower aspirations, weaker achievement at school

Deindustrialisation, less money to spend, less investment in area

Dereliction, crime, vandalism, abandoned properties, schools and shops close, env quality declines

Enterprise Zones 1981-present

City Challenge 1991-1997

Urban Development Corporations 1979-1990

Partnership Schemes 2010-present

London Docklands

Gateshead

Hulme, Manchester

Liverpool

Private sector funding to restore derelict areas, first established in 1981in London Docklands, main aims= attract new businesses, improve local environment, create jobs, build new houses. Between 1981 and 1998 24,000 homes were built, 85,000 jobs were created, in addition to building new schools, parks, community facilities including sailing and water sports centre and Surrey Quays shopping centre. By 1993, 12 UDC had been established, to redevelop rundown areas of the country. They were criticised for ignoring needs of local residents

Established 1981 in areas with high unemployment, aim to attract start-up companies and create jobs by reducing taxes. By 1990 the Enterprise Zones housed over 5,000 companies, employing more than 125,000 people. Tax reductions encouraged many existing companies to move premises and staff to EZ's, which limited number of new jobs created

Local authorities competed for government funding to regenerate deprived areas, worked with local community and private companies to improve physical, economic and social environment of the area. Funding was allocated to projects that benefited the local community. By 1997 over 50,000 jobs had been created and 40,000 houses improved. Many deprived areas didn't receive funding

Since 2010 the government has worked with private companies to provide financial support and expertise for urban regeneration. These are designed to improve physical, economic and social conditions in deprived areas, by building new homes, providing parks and sports centres and reducing unemployment. Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership established 2012 aims to increase business activity and create new jobs

No planning VS planning

Poor environmental quality

Wealth inequality

Housing inequality

Employment inequality- informal VS formal

Causes

Migration

Corrupt/ unorganised governments

No choice

Unfair distribution of money

Lack of social housing

No planning

Informal employment

Non planned housing

Poor quality land

Lack of commitment to area

Lack of land ownership

Invest in infastructure

Improve housing conditions

Put in services/ resources

Invest in education

Supply electricity, sewage, water to communities

Provide social housing

Site and service

Rural development- jobs, education

Bottom Up schemes

Top Down schemes