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Coastal management (Reasons to protect (political (Cost, benefit analysis,…

- - - - Protection for ports and tourist facilities as tourism industry and industrial revolution developed, railways developed, many visited coastal resorts such as Blackpool for holidays
- - - - Large boulders, absorb energy. Fairly cheap. Can be moved by storms
    - - Fences at right angles to coastlines, stops longshore drift and movement of sediment, helps build up beaches. Quite cheap. Starve other areas of sediment and sand
    - - Rock filled cages, absorb wave energy. Cheap. Ugly
    - - Forces water to break offshore. Expensive. Can be damaged during storms
    - - Slanted, built at base of cliffs, reduce erosion, absorbs waves as they break, cheap to maintain. Expensive. Creates strong backwash
    - - Dam across estuary, stops tidal flooding, hold back water. Very Expensive. Disrupt sediment flow
    - - Reflects waves, absorbs energy, reduces erosion. Expensive. Creates strong backwash
- - - - extend the coastline seaward, further from the existing shore with new defences
    - - (Managed Re-alignment or Managed Retreat): sacrifice land to the sea by moving the coastline back, constructing defences further inland
    - - maintain or put in place measures to stop further coastal retreat
        due to erosion
    - - (No Active Intervention): put no management schemes in place and allow nature to take its course
    - - Knock on effects further down coastline, where either no or little protection is in place. groynes stop movement of longshore drift for example so stop movement of sediment further down the coastline. decisions need to be made about where and where not to put defences or move the line.
    - - Sacrifice land to sea, existing defences abandoned, new habitats established, sea defences used, intertidal zone made.
        Preferred method at Barton-on-Sea
- - - - Reducing slope angle, makes cliff/ beach more stable, reduces erosion as waves have more to break upon as lower gradient
    - - Marshland/ Saltmarsh, Creates habitats, natural barrier
    - - Creating or restoring sand dunes, creates habitats, absorbs wave energy
    - - Natural, land given to sea, no knock on effects
    - - Material added to beach to make beach wider, reduces cliff erosion, increases use of beach