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Open Design (Transparency movements (Open... (Science (Open Access (Open…

- - - - Open Source Design
        
        Organizations
        
        Ura
        
        Open Source Design agency
        
        Helps open source projects with usability studies, UX, visual design and illustrations
        
        Designed style guides for Tor and other open source projects
        
        Business model
        
        Patreon — $77/mo
        
        Commissions by OTF Usability Lab
        
        6-person team, each passionate about open movements
        
        Open Technology Fund Usability Lab
        
        OTF sponsors agencies and teams to conduct usability studies for open source projects and improve their UX.
        
        Specifically aimed at reducing users' false sense of security
        
        https://www.opentech.fund/labs/usability-lab/
        
        Any open source project can apply and ask for help
        
        Open Source Design Foundation
        
        Focus
        
        Articles
        
        Events
        
        Jobs & Projects
        
        Targeted at developers and designers interested in working and designing in open source
        
        Goals
        
        Open up the design process
        
        Make designers contributors
        
        Improve developer-designer communication
        
        Connect the existing open source community
        
        Funding for open source design
        
        Showcase existing open source design
        
        Improve the design of open source projects
        
        https://opensourcedesign.net/
        
        Open Design Foundation
        
        http://opendesign.foundation/
        
        Open Source Design Manifesto
        
        find opportunities to design in the open
        
        share my design experiences; both the good and the bad
        
        find time for meaningful projects
        
        openly participate in design discussions
        
        work with other designers by choice
        
        improve my toolbox
        
        I will:
        
        Difficulties of design in Open Source
        
        Infrastructure
        
        Assets
        
        No website source code
        
        No easy way to find source files
        
        Documentation
        
        Solution: Design contribution page
        
        No design contribution docs
        
        Git is hard
        
        Not automatic
        
        Language is confusing
        
        Solution: SparkleShare
        
        Design tools
        
        Solution: SVG or other shareable formats
        
        Not very accessible
        
        Solution: Figma
        
        Universities teach “industry standard”
        
        Tools are difficult to use
        
        Legal
        
        Licenses are confusing, too many of them
        
        Solution: Creative Commons
        
        GitHub/GitLab
        
        GitHub says “Built for developers”
        
        No “drag & drop” on GH Desktop
        
        No support for Creative Commons licenses
        
        Doesn't count comments towards the log
        
        File limit of 100MB
        
        GitLab's Kubernetes & CI
        
        Markdown
        
        Standard for readmes and documentation
        
        Cannot be opened by default on Mac and Windows
        
        SVG
        
        SVG can be diffed but it's not widely used in design
        
        Instead proprietary tool formats are used
        
        Community
        
        Cultural conflict
        
        People believe...
        
        Nature of design
        
        3 more items...
        
        Benefits of open source
        
        3 more items...
        
        Words
        
        CI/CD
        
        2 more items...
        
        PR
        
        2 more items...
        
        OS motivaiton
        
        Designers can't do it due to nature of design
        
        OS is best at text interfaces, simple tools
        
        (“you are not your user”)
        
        Projects are developed as scratching own itches
        
        Engineering and design cultures
        
        Collaboration
        
        In design
        
        1 more item...
        
        In software
        
        1 more item...
        
        Opinions
        
        Everyone has an opinion on design
        
        Solution: set clear goals, discourage “taste talk”
        
        Designers have to fight for their opinions
        
        OS cultural assumptions
        
        Culture can be toxic
        
        Code of conduct
        
        Copyright is positive in design
        
        But everything is a remix
        
        Design work is not valued
        
        “Settings and options are great”
        
        Linux is for power users who want choice
        
        Integration testing is valued, usability testing is not.
        
        Decision-making
        
        Decision makers are developers
        
        Solution: educate developers, give designers more voice
        
        Current decision foundation
        
        Difficulty of implementation
        
        “Likes”
        
        Should be: alignment to goals, impact & effort
        
        Autochecks — automatic decisions for developers
        
        Design is not as quantifiable as code
        
        Usability vs unit tests
        
        Rule-based evaluation
        
        4 more items...
        
        Usability tests require preparation and people
        
        Feedback
        
        Not many people who can provide feedback
        
        Solutions: bring more designers to open source
        
        Loneliness
        
        Usually a designer is working alone on one project
        
        Solution: bring more designers to open source
        
        Necessary designer traits
        
        Mature, independent
        
        Play long-term game
        
        Familiarity with open source
        
        Share OS values
        
        Knows politics and ideologies of OS
        
        Solution: find connection between ethical concerns of designers and FOSS
        
        Want to create value, not money
        
        Willing to put a lot of time into OS
        
        More design work = more work for devs
        
        General
        
        Cultural
        
        Infrastructural
        
        Motivational
      - Software
        
        Linux
      - Appropriate technology (OSAT)
      - “The Cathedral and the Bazaar”
        
        Cathedral model
        
        WIP is closed
        
        Releases are public
        
        Bazaar model
        
        Code is developed in the view of the public
      - Hardware
      - Projects
        
        Versatile pieces of infrastructure
        
        Core building blocks
    - - Open Access
        
        Open Research
        
        To scientific literature
        
        Specifically: research outputs
        
        Currently most of the scientific researches are behind the paywall
        
        Open Science
        
        Open notebook science
      - Science 2.0
      - Articles
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_2.0
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_research
        
        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access
      - Open Data
      - Open Methodology
      - Open Peer Review
      - Open science taxonomy
      - OS Schools of thought
        
        Infrastructure
        
        Measurement
        
        Public
        
        Democratic
        
        Pragmatic
      - Arguments
        
        Against
        
        Getting overwhelmed by unsorted information
        
        Potential misuse
        
        The public misunderstanding
        
        Difficult discovery verification
        
        Low-quality science
        
        For
        
        Allows rigorous peer review
        
        Makes science more reproducible and transparent
        
        More impact
        
        Will help answer uniquely complex questions
        
        Funded publicly therefore should be public
    - - Currently — engineering design / design of physical products
      - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-design_movement
      - Examples
        
        Zoybar: open source 3D printed guitar
        
        Uzebox: open-design video game console
        
        RepRap: general-purpose 3D printer that can print itself
      - Directions
        
        Developing technologies for common good
        
        Advanced projects that are too hard for single company
        
        High-tech local solutions for sustainable development
    - - Models
        
        Government-driven
        
        Knowledge Transfer Partnerships
        
        Between a firm and a knowledge-based partner
        (e.g. a research institution)
        
        Product platforming
        
        Introducing a partially-completed product
        
        Contributors can extend product's functionality
        
        Software: API, SDK
        
        Customer immersion
        
        Idea competitions (hackathons)
        
        Collaborative product design and development
        
        Innovation networks
      - Open Source vs.
        Open Innovation
        
        (They are not mutually exclusive)
        
        Might conflict on patent issues
        
        Example: “Is it acceptable to withhold information that could save the world’s poorest people from suffering and death?”
    - - Online & Offline
      - Example: MOOCs
      - Flexible learning
        
        Accessible
        
        Agile
        
        Reduced cost
        
        Peer & Public review
        
        Time efficient/
        
        Time flexible
      - Related: http://manifesto.edutainme.ru/en
    - - “Open culture” on Wikipedia
      - “Open Access” on Wikipedia
  - - - Current models
        
        Indirect (external)
        
        Part of the revenue of a company/corporation
        
        Funds, grants and government support
        
        Individual's savings/passive income/wage
        
        Direct
        
        Freemium (e.g. FontAwesome icons)
        
        Paywall
        
        Constant (e.g. paid software)
        
        Limited time (e.g. 6 mo. embargo on articles)
        
        How it can work
        
        Source materials (instructions/code) are open
        
        Compiled code/prepared product is not
        
        Example 2: a tool is open source, but only the development version. User has to download a bunch of development tools and compile the code to avoid paying the money. And they will have to do it with every update, which is not as convenient as buying the product.
        
        Example 1: Dumplings company shows how it makes its products. Still not everybody is ready to cook them, so they buy the prepared ones.
        
        Donations
        
        Advertisements, subscriptions and other regular business models
        
        Separate line of non-open material
        
        Selling physical products
        
        “Author-pays-for-publication” model
      - What for?
        
        Getting profit (company)
        
        Paying contributors (non-profit)
        
        Operational costs
    - - Failed models
        
        Paying by contribution amount (Failed due to not having the “open-source spirit”.)
      - Current models
        
        Paying for features that were implemented (no matter whether employee did that or not).
        
        Employees are paid to contribute to open source software used by their employer.
        
        No monetary incentive (volunteers)
        
        The users of the tool who want to make it better
        
        Beginners who are learning and trying to gain professional experience
    - - Quality misconception
        
        “Open source software full of bugs and is unsafe”
        
        Some people believe that open source projects are of low quality
        
        “Open source software is that it's not sturdy enough for the enterprise.”
      - Peer review system
        
        May be biased in some models (e.g. author-pays-for-publication)
    - - Potential for revealing information not intended for sharing
      - Revealing intellectual property and losing competitive advantage
    - - Complexity of controlling the development/innovation process
      - And regulating how contributors affect a project
  - - - Free access for developing countries
      - Mass access to knowledge
    - - More eyes and hands can notice and improve more flaws
      - Everybody can contribute and improve the work or build upon it
      - Synergism between internal and external innovations
      - Community can use the system freely
    - - Early customers — in the development process
      - Higher accuracy for marketing research
      - Potential for viral marketing
      - Maximizing author or content impact or reach
        (recognition, citations)
      - Engineering department brand improvement
    - - Higher development productivity
      - Reduced cost of research and development
    - - Employees learn transferable skills
      - Better job fulfillment for employees
  - - - Creation
        
        Solving your own problem
        
        Opening the solution
      - Maintenance
        
        Keeps the project alive
        
        Respond to questions, be available
        
        Accept contributions
      - Usage
        
        How easy it is to use the project?
      - Abandonment
        
        Often not deleted, but just forgot
        
        Maintenance stops -> project is abandoned
- - - - Tools
      - Projects
      - Members
    - - Community
      - Transparency
      - Platform-agnostic
      - Collaboration
      - Education
      - Creation
  - - - Developers
      - Designers
        
        Copywriters
        
        Web/Mobile
        
        Graphics
        
        UX
        
        Researchers
        
        Analysts
        
        Prototype & Test
        
        Brand
        
        Identity
      - Other creatives
        
        Visual artists
        
        Sculptors
        
        Painters
        
        Photographers
        
        Digital artists
        
        Other
        
        Musicians
        
        Translators
        
        Writers
    - - Entrepreneurs
      - Strategists
      - Analysts
      - Researchers
      - Marketers
- - - - Open
        (everyone can view & contribute)
        
        GitHub/GitLab
        
        Glitch
        
        They are only accessible to developers
        
        CodePen
      - Closed
        (only invited people can view and participate)
        
        Avocode
        
        Notion
        
        Coggle
        
        Vectary
        
        InVision
        
        Mural
        
        In-person
        
        Paper and a pen
        
        Whiteboard
      - Too open
        or closed
        
        Figma
        
        Google Docs
        
        Dropbox Paper
        
        You can invite people or open them for everyone to edit
    - - Zeplin
      - Figma Developer Handoff
      - Webflow
      - JIRA
    - - Adobe PS, AI etc.
      - Principle, Flinto, Origami etc.
      - Sketch
      - Kaktus (VCS for Sketch)
    - - Forums, Q&A (Stack Exchange)
      - Slack, Twist, Discord
      - Zoom, Hangouts
      - Trello
  - - - Freely shared design assets
      - Individuals' and agencies' portfolios
    - - Examples
        
        TheFutur
        
        Zimri
        
        Femke
        
        Dann Pretty
        
        Charli Marie
      - Types
        
        Business of design
        
        Basics of design (theory)
        
        Tips and tricks
        
        Tutorials & how-tos
        
        News, tool reviews
    - - Case studies
      - Research papers
      - Guidelines
      - Design lessons (theory)
      - Thoughts, concepts, essays, etc.
    - - Going to art school
      - Online courses
    - - Mentorship
- - - - Contributing
        
        Contribution flow
        
        Linear
        
        Contributors can edit the master, don't need to create copies
        
        Example: Open for editing Figma and Google Docs files
        
        Little to no moderation
        
        Tree
        
        Example: Open for viewing Figma and Google Docs files
        
        Contributors can duplicate the master and edit their copy
        
        If necessary, changes can be added to the master manually
        
        Graph-like
        
        Example: GitHub repositories (fork –> commit –> pull)
        
        Contributors can edit the copy, then add your edits back to master
        
        Kinds
        
        Primary
        
        Direct edit
        
        Suggest
        
        Discuss
        
        Comment
        
        Educate
        
        Test
        
        Build upon
        
        Document
        
        Translate
        
        Promote
        
        Create
        
        Meet up
      - Viewing
      - Sharing
    - - Process stages
      - Final result only
      - Real-time
    - - Everyone with a link
      - Public — everyone with an account
      - Public — no need to sign up (anonymous)
      - Only invited users
      - Only the creator
      - Everyone who paid money (or contributed in other way)
  - - - Viewing and Sharing
        
        Open to anyone, anonymous
        
        Can be found freely on the web
      - Contributing
        
        Graph-like structure: fork –> commit –> pull
        
        Moderated by privileged users
        
        Discussions: issues, comments on pull requests
        
        Open to everyone with an account
        
        Branches of commits
      - When
        
        Project stages — commits/releases
        
        Commit — a freeze-frame shot of the file at a given time; a saved version in a backup.
    - - Viewing and sharing
        
        Open to anyone with the link, anonymous
        
        Or invite-only
      - Contributing
        
        Linear — anyone can change any element, even project name
        
        No moderation, everyone has access to everything in a file
        
        Discussions in the form of comments
        
        Or tree-like, if someone decides to duplicate given project
      - When
        
        Real-time, even the cursor movement is visible
        
        Version history is linear
    - - There are a lot of ways to get involved in this project
      - Phabricator tool
        
        A great example of an extremely transparent project is Wikipedia. They've developed a platform called Phabricator that helps everyone manage the Wikipedia-related work.
        
        “Phabricator is a collaboration platform open to all Wikimedia contributors. It is mostly used for managing work related to software projects. Non-technical initiatives are welcome as well.”
        
        Features
        
        Collaboration
        
        Dashboards
        
        Chat Rooms
        
        Event Calendar
        
        Assets (mocks and designs)
        
        Groups
        
        Project Management
        
        (Kanban style boards)
        
        Tasks & Bugs
        
        Projects & Tags
        
        Code
        
        Source browser
        
        Code review
        
        Audit commits
        
        Build status
        
        Example: Design Research project
        
        Contains
        
        Boards with tasks, backlog
        
        Goals
        
        Subprojects
        
        Recent activity
        
        Members & Watchers
        
        A group devoted to the design research of Wikipedia. They share a backlog of things that need to be researched. During the work, they give presentations, recruit participants and conduct user research.
        
        All tasks are open to the public so everyone could contribute by conducting a research or finding some design solutions and sharing them with the team.
      - Specifically in Design
    - - https://join.utopian.io/
      - Sponsoring the creative open source contributions
    - - A fully open-source game
      - https://steemmonsters.com/
- - - - Problem #3
        
        Designers who can't code can't contribute to the open
        source projects.
        
        Solution
        
        Create a technology that would allow open design collaboration.
      - Problem #4
        
        A lot of open source products are designed by developers thus they don't feature well-thought-out user experience (not usable).
        
        Solution
        
        Give designers the ability to collaborate with open source developers.
        
        Open Design System
        
        Show open source software UI-s to designers and ask for help.
    - - Problem #1
        
        Beginner designers may have a distorted view on design, because they are exposed to limited amount of parts of it and don't see the whole picture.
        
        In particular, they look at “pretty pictures” on Behance and Dribbble and don't see the real thought process behind them.
        
        Solution
        
        Open the design process further: write more detailed case-studies, research reports and guidelines.
        
        Create more educational content that focuses on design process.
      - Problem #2
        
        Beginner designers do work for free for commercial projects by participating in design contests (spec work).
        
        Beginner designers create fictional work and don't get real-world experience.
        
        Solution
        
        Give more opportunities to work for good: non-profits and FOSS.
        
        Pioneer for designers
    - - Match designers who want to help/need portfolio with open source projects that would benefit from the design help.