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Agents of Socialisation (Religion (Modood and Berthoud found that 67% of…
Agents of Socialisation
Religion
Modood and Berthoud found that 67% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis saw religion as very important compared to 5% of white british youths
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Many Christian congregations in the UK are now made up of many people of African-Caribbean and also Eastern European descent
Education
Bowels and Gintis argued the education system brainwashed children through the hidden curriculum and pupils are taught to accept their place in society, believe that their achievements and failures are of their own making, and that everything fair is based on merit
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Workplace
Waddington (1999) used the term ‘canteen culture’ to describe a set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accept, so that certain language, behaviour and attitudes become the norm.
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‘Resocialisation’ is used to refer to the new set of norms and values an individual will learn in a new job
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enforced by formal sanctions, i.e. warning, being fired or positive sanctions, i.e. promotions or pay rises
Informally, colleagues will help to resocialise an individual in similar ways to peer groups at school
Media
Mulvey uses the concept of the ‘male gaze’ to describe how the camera in films ‘eyes up’ female characters, encouraging viewers to assess their bodies and their attractiveness from a male’s perspective
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Representation of other groups in the media may influence our views, for example certain religions are perceived to be dangerous
Studies prove a strong correlation between those who watch TV are more likely to commit violent crimes
Children tend to model the behaviour and TV characters and act out this behaviour in social environments
Peer Group
Judith Harris found that peers are more influential due to peer pressure than parents. However, she said it was less about peer pressure and bullying but rather that the individual’s desire to conform is a stronger influence
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Children of this age of have a desire to fit in, known as conformity.
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Tony Sewell uses the concept of ‘cultural comfort zones’ which means that we associate with those who our similar to ourselves. He found that Afro-Caribbean boys were more likely to stay in their group and not associate themselves with white middle class children due to the fact they have different norms and values
Skelton and Francis looked at primary schools - for example, in the classrooms and in the playground. Play was very gendered, with boys dominating the space and girls taking part in separate activities.