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Origins of Cold War 1945 - 1991 (Iron Curtain Speech (1946) (Truman…

- - - - The plan helped Western European countries rebuild their economy and stopped the spread of communism
      - Helped strengthen ties between Europe and US
      - Molotov Plan 1947
        
        USSR provided economic aid to Eastern European countries and tighten control over them
        
        Marshall and Molotov plan divided Europe into 2 economic blocs. East-West relations were worsened
        
        Berlin Blockade 1948 -1949
        
        Division of Germany (Potsdam Agreement and Yalta Conference)
        
        After WW2, Germany was divided by US, Britain, France and USSR into East and West Germany
        
        West Germany controlled by US, Britain and France. Living standards are higher
        
        East Germany controlled by USSR. Living standards are lower.
        
        Berlin was also divided
        
        Causes
        
        West Berlin benefited greatly from Marshall Plan, Stalin feared people living in Soviet zone will move to West.
        
        Stalin did not want Western countries to access Berlin
        
        Therefore, force Western countries out of Berlin
        
        Escalation
        
        June 1948, Stalin blocked all routes in and out of Berlin. All surface transports were cut.
        
        Food and other supplies were flown into West Berlin by British, France and US planes for eleven months until May 1949. (Berlin Airlift)
        
        USSR unblocked Berlin
        
        Results
        
        Cold war broke out
        
        NATO and Warsaw Pact was set up
        
        Germany was split into East and West. Western powers set up German Federal Republic in Western Germany
        
        Arms Race - nuclear weapons
        
        Establishment of People's Republic of China 1949
        
        Communists China formed the PRC after the end of Chinese Civil war. Nationalists retreated back to Taiwan.
        
        US continued to support the Nationalists in Taiwan and involved in the military conflicts in Asia.
        
        NATO Established 1949
        
        End 1940s, Westerners worry about the large armies stationed in Eastern Europe
        
        USA used this fear to set up an alliance to defend the Western world. It was called North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). 12 countries originally signed the treaty
        
        Member states include Canada, US and Britain
        
        Role and Function
        
        To defend themselves from possible invasion
        
        Peacekeeping
        
        counter terrorism
        
        Korean Civil War 1950 - 1953
        
        Korea was colonised by Japan in 1910. After WW2, Japanese left Korea.
        
        USSR control North Korea, installed Kim Il Sung as leader of NK; US control South Korea, installed Syngman Ree as leader of SK.
        
        Communists uprisings in South Korea -> South Korea government feared communists would take over -> many communists activists were killed in SK
        
        June 1950, North Korea invade South Korea with support of USSR and China. United Nations (led by US) won battle of Inchon. US become more involved in Korean War
        
        Results
        
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        Uprisings in Soviet Republic
        
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        Neither leader of Korea recognised the legitimacy of each other. However, Rhee was a corrupt and unpopular leader. So, during the April 1950 election, many South Koreans vote for the reunification with the North.
        
        Impacts
        
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