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Industrialization (Stella & Kayley) (Mills of Manchester (the northern…
Industrialization (Stella & Kayley)
changes life
living condititons
they lacked housing, education, and police protection, most unpaved streets had no drains, and the garbage collected in heaps, workers lived dark dirty shelters, with their families ( all shared one bedroom)
had little to no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes
sickness was widespread, deadly diseases were spreading
average lifespan was 17 for working class people in large cities compared to 38 in close by rural areas
average lifespan was 17 for working class people in large cities compared to 38 in close by rural areas
Industrial Cities Rise
Europeans moved to the cities so they could be closer to their work
factories developed in clusters due to the near sources of energy ( water, coal, ect)
Birmingham & Sheffield became iron- smelting centers. Leeds and Manchester dominated in textile manufacturing. The port of Liverpool formed the center of bustking cotton industry
during the 1800s London's population exploded and it provided a vast labor pool and market for new industry
working conditions
to increase production factory owners wanted to keep the machines running for as long as possible, this lead to workers having 14 hour shifts 6 days a week
work didn't change with the seasons, it stayed the same day after day
factories caused new dangers, factories were seldom lit or clean, machines injured workers,
there was no government program to provide aid
the most dangerous was in the coal mines, frequent accidents, damp conditions,& the constant breathing of coal dust made the miner's life-span 10 years shorter
many were working in the mines because it was the cheapest source of labor
positive Effects
Long Term Effects
People today can afford goods that were considered expensive luxuries 50-60 years ago
Working and living conditions improved throughout the years and remain better
Tax revenue was produced, allowing the government to make urban improvements.
Raised the living standard of city dwellers
Provided jobs for workers
Provided better benefits such as: healthier diets, better housing, cheaper and mass produced clothing, etc.
Provided more educational opportunities due to the demand for engineers
Laborers eventually received higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions
The upper and middle class prospered from the industrial revolution while the laborers or lower class worked longer for their success
Mills of Manchester
the northern English town had ready access to water power
had available labor form the nearby countryside & outlet to the sea at Liverpool
Manchester's rapid unplanned growth made it an unhealthy place for the poor who lived and worked there
wealth flowed from factories
the wealth went first to the middle class & mill owners
the lower class also saw a rise in living but it wasn't as fast as the middle class
business owners took pride to mater each detail in the manufacturing process , they risked time and money, and in return they were rewarded with high profits
many workers worked under terrible conditions, children as young as 6 would join their parents in factories
many worked kong shifts with only a half hour for eating, any children were beateds to stay awake
putting so much industry in one place soon polluted the
environment
Class Tensions
the middle class
The middle class grew despite the wealth. "Neither rich nor poor."
Factory owners, merchants and bankers grew wealthier than the aristocrats and landowners.
Landowners looked downed upon those who gained their wealth threw the "vulgar business world." Which then changed in the late 1800's where at that time landowners and rich entrepreneurs were considered equal
The middle class separated into two different divisions
The upper class was made up of government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers of: shops, factories, and mines
The lower middle class was made up of: factory overseers, toolmakers, mechanicals drafters and printers
the working class
They saw little improvement to their working and living conditions
They were replaced by machines
The Luddites
Named after Ned Ludd
Destroyed weaving machinery
Attacked whole factories in Northern England in 1811
Some groups of workers rioted outside factories becuase of thier poor living and working conditions