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C19 (Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune, destroys nicotinic and cholinergic…
C19
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune
destroys nicotinic and cholinergic receptors
eye drooping (ptosis)
tensolin test - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
no cure
possible thymus tumor (as a thymoma)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Median nerve
Transverse carpal ligament
Overworked
Testing
Tinel's sign
Phalen's sign
S/S similar to pinched C6
surgically fixed
numbness, tingling
ALS
Riluzole
decrease glutamate release
increase glutamate reuptake
Atrophy
upper & Lower motor neurons
excess glutamate
idiopathic or genetic
spasms, weakness
Multiple Sclerosis
chronic demyelination
Types
Remitting-relapsing
Primary progressive
Secondary progressive
Progressive-relapsing
autoimmune disease
Need 2 separate episodes at different locations to diagnose
Visual changes (unilateral, optic neuritis), balance, memory, weakness, fatigue, spasticity, bladder dysfunction, tremor, lack of coordination
F > M
Peripheral Vascular Disease
atherosclerosis in arteries
2/3 ptx asymptomatic
intermittent claudification (pain)
auscultation: bruit (swishing)
Causes: HTN,Diabetes, Smoking, Obesity
LMN Lesion
absence of ability to trigger peripheral nerves
atrophy at extremities
broken lamp
decreased reflexes (hyporeflexia)
weakness
B
u
erger's Disease
Obliteration of peripheral arteries and veins
Associated with tobacco use
Raynaud phenomenon
Claudication (Muscle pain)
gangrenous necrosis (potential amputation)
Thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a clot in veins
increase risks of embolism
swelling/redness
most common in lower extremities
UMN Lesion
Weakness
Increased Reflexes (hyperreflexia)
UMN keeps LMN in check
Bell's Palsy
CN 7 problem
usually resolves
CANNOT wrinkle forehead
