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Organic chemistry section 1 (Organic chemistry (types of formula…
Organic chemistry section 1
Organic chemistry
types of formula
Structural formula: Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon with the attached hydrogen and functional groups
Emperical formula: The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
General formula: An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
Molecular formula: The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Skeletal formula: Shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only with any functional groups The hydrogens and carbons are not shown
Homologous series are organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula and consecutive members of a homologous series differ by one -CH2- group
benzene rings can be drawn in 2 ways
A compound with a 3 carbon chain has the stem Prop- and a compound with a 4 carbon chain has the stem but-
If there is more than one of the same functional group use di (2) tri (3) or tetra (4)
2 molecules are isomers if they have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently. The 2 important ones are structural isomers and stereoisomers
structural isomers have different structural arrangements of atoms hence the name
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons as they don't contain any double bonds between the carbons in the carbon chain they can also be burnt completely in oxygen to form carbon monoxide and water instead of carbon dioxide and water when completely burnt
The boiling points of Alkanes depend on the number of branches and the length of the chains
Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons as they don't contain any double bonds between the carbons in the carbon chain they can also be burnt completely in oxygen to form carbon monoxide and water instead of carbon dioxide and water when completely burnt
The boiling points of Alkanes depend on the number of branches and the length of the chains
2 types of bond fission when reacting alkanes: Hetrolytic and homolytic
Heterolyic fission breaks bonds unevenly leading to 1 atom getting both of the electrons to form a positive cation and a negative anion