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Organic Chem (Representation (Wedge- Dash rep (dashed wedge - bond away…

- - - - 50% s and 50% p
- - - - diff. compounds
    - - Alicyclic
      - Aromatic
        
        Benzoid
        
        Non-benzenoid
- - - - R-X + 2Na + R-X :arrow_right: R-R + 2Na-X
      - CH4 can't be prepared
    - - R-X + Zn + R-X :arrow_right: R-R + ZnX2
      - CH4 can't be prepared
    - - R-COONa + NaOH + CaO:arrow_right: R-H + NaCO3
    - - 2R-COONa + 2H2O :arrow_right: R-R + 2CO2 + 2NaOH + H2
      - CH4 can't be prepared
    - - R-CH=CH2 + B2H6 :arrow_right: (R-CH2-CH2)3-B + CH3COOH + :small_red_triangle: :arrow_right: R-CH2-CH3
    - - R-MgX + H-OH :arrow_right: R-H + Mg(OH)X
    - - R-CH2=CH2 + H2 :arrow_right: R-CH2-CH3
      - CH4 can't be prepared
    - - R-X + 2[H] :arrow_right: R-H + H-X
    - - R-CHO + 4HI :arrow_right: R-CH3 + H2O + 2I2
      - R-COOH + 6HI :arrow_right: R-CH3 + 2H2O + 3I2
      - R-OH + 2HI :arrow_right: R-CH3 + H2O + I2
      - R-COCl + 6HI :arrow_right: R-CH3 + H2O + HCl + 3I2
      - R-CONH2 + 6HI :arrow_right: R-CH3 + H2O + NH3 + 3I2
    - - R-X + 2Li :arrow_right: R-Li + Li-X
        2R-Li + CuI :arrow_right: R2-CuLi + Li-I
        R2-CuLi + R'-X :arrow_right: R-R' + RCu + Li-X
    - - R-CHO + 4[H] :arrow_right: R-CH3 + H2O
        R-CO-R' + 4[H] :arrow_right: R-CH2-R' + H2O
    - - R-CHO + NH2-NH2 + :small_red_triangle: :arrow_right: R-CH=N-NH2 + KOH :arrow_right: R-CH3 + N2
        R-CO-R' + NH2-NH2 + :small_red_triangle: :arrow_right: R-C(=N-NH2)-R' + KOH :arrow_right: R-CH2-R' +N2
    - - Al4C3 + 12H2O :arrow_right: 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3
      - Al4C3 + 12HCl :arrow_right: 3CH4 + 4AlCl3
      - Be2C + 4H2O :arrow_right: CH4 + 2Be(OH)2
  - - - greater the branching :arrow_right: lower the b.p
  - - - Combustion
        
        CnH(2n+1) + [(3n+1)/2]O2 :arrow_right: nCO2 +(n+1)H20 + :small_red_triangle:
      - Controlled oxidation
        
        At 250 C :arrow_right: Alcohol
        At 350-500 C :arrow_right: Aldehyde
        With (CH3COO)2Mn :arrow_right: Carboxylic acid
      - Incomplete Combustion
        
        In limited air supply, C black or CO is formed
      - Chemical Oxidation
        
        Alkanes with 3`H convert to alcohol in the presence of KMnO4
    - - Halogenation
        
        (excess)CH4 + Cl2 :arrow_right: CH3Cl + HCl
        CH4 + (excess)Cl2 :arrow_right: CCl4 + HCl
      - Nitration
        
        R-H + HO-NO2 + :small_red_triangle: + Pressure :arrow_right: R-NO2 + H2O
        For lower alkanes. vapour nitration is necessary
      - Sulphonation
        
        C6H14 + H2SO4 (fuming) :arrow_right: C6H13SO3H + H20