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Structures (Simple Molecluar (intermolecular forces of attraction are weak…
Structures
Simple Molecluar
made of molecules
intermolecular forces of attraction are weak
low boiling point
low melting point
Giant
unlimited, continuous 3D lattice of particles
strong bonding throughout
high melting point
high boiling point
Bonding
Ionic
compounds of metals and non-metals
(and ammonium compounds)
atoms donate or accept electrons in order to complete their outer shell
the ions are now charged and attract each other
properties
high melting and boiling points
hard
brittle
soluble in
POLAR
solvents
electrical
electircal conductors when molten or in solution
electrical insulators as solids
Metallic
only metals
atoms lose all outer shell electrons
become ions
delocalised sea of electrons attracts positive ions, holding lattice together
Properties
high melting and boiling points
malleable
electrical
conductors
Covalent
only non-metals
pairs of electrons are shared between atoms to complete their outer shells
simple molecular properties
low melting and boiling points
soft
electrical insulators
soluble in
non-polar
solvents
giant covalent properties
diamond
high sublimatimon point
hard
insoluble
electrical insulator
graphite
high sublimation point
soft
insoluble
electrical conductor