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Geography of innovation- regional innovation systems (Introduction (the…
Geography of innovation- regional innovation systems
Introduction
2 characteristics of the global economy
innovative activity is not randomly distributed across the geographical landscape
the most knowledge intensive the activity the more geographically clustered
eg: biotechnology, finance services
clustered in small number of centers
argument: this geography is fundamental not incidental
to innovation process
cannot understand innovation properly if one does not appreciate the central role of spatial proximity and concentration
types of knowledge and their geographies
tacit knowledge
important basis for innovation value based creation
tradable/ codified
changing nature of innovation process
tacit knowledge is a key determinant of the geography of innovative activity
difficult to exchange over long distances
based on knowledge flows between economic entities
production- occurs simultaneously, adopts the learning- by interacting model
best shared via face to face interaction, share basic commonalities
skills required for effective knowledge transfer
highly time- and space-specific
collective learning based on
compatible intra- or organizational routines
Spacial proximity is key to the effective production and transmission of tacit knowledge
varieties of regional innovation systems
The innovation system
incorporates R&D functions of universities,
3 types
territorially embedded regional innovation systems,
firms base their innovation activity on localized learning processes, stimulated by cultural and geographical proximity
SMEs in industrial sectors
regionally networked innovation system
regionalized national innovation system
The relationship between regional and national innovation systems
institutional regional innovation system—IRIS
IRIS form works well where technology and innovation tends to be path dependent
entrepreneurial regional innovation system (ERIS)