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Basic aspects of the kinetic model of particles (In the 19 century, as a…
Basic aspects of the kinetic model of particles
The Static theory
The small units of a stationary gas that did not flow occupied fixed positions and filled all the space at their disposal
Expanding and contracting and stayed in contact with each other, as the total volume occupied by the gas was increased or decreased
The kinetic theory
An atomic model in which there is a relationship between the gas pressure and the speed with which the molecules move.
In the 19 century, as a result of studies conducted by phisicists Ludwig Boltzmann and James Clerk Maxwell the following assumptions about about the kinetic theory were established
The directions of the speeds of the molecules are likely equal
The magnitudes of the velocities of the molecules are constantly changing as a result of collisions
Molecules do not exert force to each other except when they collide with another molecule
In the absence of external forces, the molecules are distributed evently in the container
A gas is formed by molecules, as hard small spheres of a very small diameter.
Diffusivity
Gases occupy the entire interior space of their container and mix easily.
Shortly after opening the stopcock between the two compartments, all the gas will be distributed evenly to both
Volume of gas
The fact that the gaseous state does not have a defined volume because the forces between atoms and molecules
Gas pressure in a container
The gas molecules are in constant motion and collide with the walls of the container, thus exerting pressure against these walls.
Temperature of gas
A macroscopic magnitude is associated to the average kinetic energy of molecules that form a gas.
If one gas has temperature that is higher than the temprature of another gas.
For example heating a gas raising its temperature increases the kinetic energy of its molecules and therefore their speeds