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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Lab Test Monitoring (Check blood pressure for every…

- - - - about 15-30 grams of carbohydrate per day can be added as snacks
      - Using snacks to prevent hypoglycemia
- - - - Check infusion set and pump often.
      - check if catheter gets a clog or a kink in it, falls out, or gets pulled out (Most pumps have an alarm)
      - Record blood glucose results, carbohydrate intake, every change in insulin doses, as well as any exercise
      - Be alert of high glucose level symptoms
      - Check blood sugar level preferably every three to four hours
    - - Fill the reservoir
        
        drawing insulin from a vial into the reservoir.
        
        loading a new cartridge of insulin into the reservoir.
      - Attach the infusion set
        
        Attach the infusion set (tubing connected to a cannula) to the reservoir outlet.
      - Insert the infusion set
        
        apply the infusion set to your body. With as much air removed from the tubing and reservoir as possible
        
        abdomen, thighs, buttocks and the arms are good areas to use.
        
        push the cannula under the skin and holding it in place with an adhesive patch.
      - Setting the basal rate of insulin
        
        basal rate can be set and changed at any time at the press of a few buttons.
      - Delivering boluses
        
        Delivering a shot of insulin (bolus), to help your sugar levels cope with meals and other causes of rises in sugar levels, can also be done at the press of a few buttons.
      - Changing infusion sites and refilling the pump
        
        Change the infusion sites and refill the pump with insulin regularly such as a few days or so
        
        take out old infusion set and replace it with a new infusion set.
        
        new insulin will need to be loaded into the pump when the pump is beginning to run out, either by cartridge or by refilling the reservoir from an insulin vial.
      - Prime the pump
        
        Press the controls on the insulin pump which tells the pump to start moving the plunger.
        
        Priming is used to push any air out of the tubing and the reservoir.
- - - - A normal response when fasting or severely restricting calories or carbohydrates. Not harmful
    - - Bad breath, Weight loss, Appetite suppression, Gut issues
    - - Low carbohydrates diet
        
        Starvation
    - - Urine Ketones level ( 0.6-9mmol/L)
        
        Blood Ketones level (0.6-3.0mmol/L)
    - - Not needed
  - - - The level of ketones in blood is so high until the blood becomes too acidic. Life threatening condition which can affect the normal function of lover and kidneys
    - - Frequent urination, Extreme thirst, Dehydration, Hyperglycemia, Vomiting, Nausea or stomach pain, Shortness of breath, Fruit smell breath
    - - Poor Diabetic management, Stress, Heart attack, Alcohol abuse, Fasting and malnurition in people with history of excessive alcohol consumption, Medication, Acute major illness
    - - Urine Ketones level ( >10 mmol/L)
        
        Blood Ketones level (>3 mmol/L)
    - - Fluid by mouth of through vein
        
        Replacement of Electrolytes
        
        IV insulin until blood sugar level below 240mg/dL
        
        Screening for other problem