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Science Revision - Week 12 (Giant Covalent Structures (Includes Diamond…
Science Revision - Week 12
Polymers
Covalently bonded in long strings
Melting and boiling point higher then simple covalent structures, but lower the giant covalent structures
Long strings of Hydrocarbons
Plastics are made of polymers
Non-conducive
Giant Covalent Structures
Includes Diamond & Graphite
Very high melting and boiling point due to each carbon atom having 3-4 covalent bonds
Can become very large
Graphite conduct electricity as it has delocalised electrons that can move around the structure
Diamond is incredibly hard as each atom forms 4 covalent bonds
Diamond has a higher melting and boiling point because it forms 4 covalent bonds per carbon atom compared to 3 per atom in graphite
Graphite is a good lubricant as it forms layers that can rub off easily
Diamond is an extremely hard gem, and falls at a 10 on Mohs scale of hardness
Allotropes of Carbon
Nanotubes
Tubes made of carbon atoms
Conduct electricity
Incredibly strong
Graphene
a singular layer of grapite
Incredibly strong
Good as a lubricant
Fullerenes
Buckminsterfullerene - A ball of 60 carbon atoms
Very useful due to their shape and properties
Can be used to deliver drugs to the body
Simple Covalent Structures
Mostly comprised of diatomic gases such as oxygen or triaomic gases such as CO2
Non-conductive
Low melting and boiling point due to weak intermollecular bonds
Tend to be unreactive
"Simple" because of the small molecule size