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Iron Deficiency Anemia (Pathophysiologic Etiology (• Can arise from…
Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Most common type of anemia worldwide
50% of cases of anemia are related to iron deficiency
• Anemia that results from low iron stores in the body
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Risk Factors
• Age- Infants lack iron intake, and older adults are at increased risk because of chronic diseases
• Gender- women are at higher risk because of blood loss during menstruation and first 6 months of pregnancy.
Socioeconomic status, Ethnicity
Common Findings
• Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath
• Pale earlobes, palms, and conjunctivae
• As condition progresses, structural and functional changes occur in epithelial tissue:
o Fingernails become brittle, thin coarsely ridged, and “spoon-shaped” or concave from impaired capillary circulation
o Tongue papillae atrophy and cause soreness, redness and burning
o Gastritis, neuromuscular changes, irritability, headache, numbness, tingling, and vasomotor disturbances.
o In elderly, mental confusion, memory loss, and disorientation
Diagnostic Tests
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Additional Tests:
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o Test for iron stores indirectly by lab tests like serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, or total iron-binding capacity.
Treatment
• Oral iron replacement therapy- may continue for as long as 24 months. Menstruating females may need daily oral iron replacement therapy until menopause.
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• Parenteral administration of iron therapy may be useful for patients with inadequate response to oral therapy