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Drew Richardson Chapter 5-The Electron (Electron Configurations (4s 4p 4d…
Drew Richardson
Chapter 5-The Electron
Electron Configurations
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
3s 3p 3d
6s 6p 6d
2s 2p
7s 7p
1s
Models of the Electron
Plum Pudding-Thomson
Electrons stuck in a sphere.
Todays Model: Electron Cloud Model
Orbital Model- Bohr
Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific paths like the planets orbit the sun
Quantum Mechanical Model
Atomic Orbitials
Princible energy levels
n=2
2 sublevels
2s(1 orbital) 2p(3 orbitals)
n=3
3 sublevels
3s(1 orbital) 3p(3 orbitals) 3d (5 orbitals)
n=1
1 sublevel
1s(1 orbital)
n=4
4 sublevels
4s(1 orbital) 4p(3 obitals) 4d(5 orbitals) 4f(7 orbitals
Maximum electrons for each level
n2 = 8
n3 = 18
n1 = 2
n4 = 32
The Principles and Rules
Aufbau Principle
Electrons occupy the lowest energy level first
Bucket filling with water from the bottom to the top
Pauli's Exclusion Principle
1 or 2 electrons per orbital
Hund's Rule
Electrons spin opposite direction in orbital
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know the location and velocity of an electron at the same time
What I know
-1 Charge
Same number of protons in a neutral atom
Small(1840 electrons=1 proton
Opposite charge of proton
Electron moves
Outside of nucleus
1 orbital=2 electrons
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Series of waves
Visible Light (SPECTRUM)
Low Energy - R O Y G B I P - High Energy
High Frequency/Small Wavelength - Gamma Rays
Low Frequency/Big Wavelength - Radio Waves
Light is energy
Light energy given off in waves
Light particles are called photons