Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The feudal sistem (Society (Lower: (knights.), Clergy (oratores): (in…
The feudal sistem
Society
Lower:
knights.
Clergy (oratores):
in charge of praying to guarantee salvation.
Lower: knights.
Higher: dukes, marquisis and counts.
Higher:
dukes, marquisis and counts.
Peasants:
they worked for the rest
of the society.
Free peasants, craftsmen and traders
Serfs: attached to the fief.
Nobility (bellatores):
dominant group. In charge of defending the society.
Economy
Agriculture
Livestock:
SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY
Agriculture techniques
Three-year crop rotation
Irrigation techniques
Mouldboard plough
Manure (animal excrement) as fertiliser
Increase of production
population grew
FEUDALISM
The origins of feudalism
Division of the Carolingian Empire
Europe suffered
attacks and villages and cities were sacked.
Monarchs didn't have resources to help their subjects
ask the nobles for help.
In the beginning: monarch divided the lands among the
nobles (as a reward)
this way the king was weak, so the nobles managed to
Absolute power over the inhabitants of their lands
Power became hereditary
Vassalage relationships
Vassal:
The vassal swore his loyalty in an official act known as commendation ceremony.
THE FEUDAL MONARCHY
The monarchs governed with the aid of:
The court:
Royal officials:
Chancery:
Host:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIEFDOM
Castle:
Demesne:
Village:
Places of comunal use:
The Church
Two branches of the clergy:
Secular clergy:
bishops and priests. In charge of ceremonies and religious education
Regular clergy:
abbots, monks and nuns. Had to follow rules applied to their order. Two types:
Religious orders:
devoted their time to praying and working in the monastery.
Military orders:
praying + fighting to spread Christianity.
Organisation of the Church
Pope: leader of the Christians in the West. When he died, cardinals appointed his successor.
Culture and the Church
Responsible of spreading
culture
copying ancient
texts (monks).
Responible for education
spreading religious beliefs:
Fear of hell
Hope for the mediation saints and the Virgin Mary of
pilgrimages.
Fear of the end of the
world
The origins of feudalism
Division of the Carolingian Empire
Europe suffered
attacks and villages and cities were sacked.
Monarchs didn't have resources to help their subjects
ask the nobles for help.
monarch divided the lands among the
nobles (as a reward)
this way the king was weak, so the
nobles managed to:
Absolute power over the inhabitants of their lands
Power became hereditary
Art: Romanesque (11th-13th)
Characteristics
Rural
countryside or small
villages.
Promoted by nobility and the
Church.
Religious buildings
chapels,
monasteries, cathedrals.
Extended along pilgrimage routes.
Churches that looked like
fortresses: thick walls
they served as refuges if people were attacked.
Lack of windows
dark →
appropriate for worship.
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
Sculptures: stone (adapted to
architecture), wood.
Paintings: walls or
miniatures.
Schematic style, inexpressive
faces. Size of figures
depended on its importance.
Symbolic character of images
Decorative and educational
purpose → illiterate people
could learn about the Bible.
ARCHITECTURE
Thick stone walls + buttresses
columns and pillars.
Features from Roman art:
semi-circular arches, barrel
vaults, groin vaults, domes.
Floor plan: Latin cross.
Façades: contained portals (decorated) and towers.