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High middle ages and Feudalism (Society (Church (Secular clergy (Bishop),…
High middle ages and Feudalism
Feudalism
Political,social and economic system established in the Christian kingdoms during the High Middle ages
Monarchs lost power
Relationship based on a personal loyalty and an economy
The origins of Feudalism
Division of Caroligian Empire. Europe suffered attacks and villages and cities were stacked
Monarchs didn't have resources to so they ask the nobles for help
Monarch divided the lands among the nobles
Power became herediaty
Absolute power of the inhabitants of their lands
Feudal system
Fiefdom
Land owned by the feudal lord
Serfs
Peasants that lived and worked in the fiefdom
Power of the nobility increase
Military aid
Armies to extend their domais
Insecurity
Nobility built castles
People looking for protection
Vassalage relationship
Vassal
Person, that voluntary promised loyalty to someone powerful to have protection
Ceremony commendation
The vassal promised his loyalty,they lut his hand together and swore loyalty
The feudal monarchy
The court
Nobles who advised them in governmental problems
Royal officials
Who served the monarch
Chancery
Host
Characteristics of fiefdom
Castle
House of the lord
Demesne
The lord's land
Village
Situated near to the castle
Places of communal use
Bridges,mills,forge, furnace
Economy
Agriculture
Cereal crops, vegetables , wine, beer.
Products obtained from animals
Milk,eggs,cheese,honey.
Livestock
Meat was rarely consumed
Subsistence economy
Agriculture techniques
Three year crop rotation
Irrigation techniques
Mouldboard as fertiliser
Increase if production
Population grew
Society
Nobility
Higher,dukes,marquisis and counts
Lower:knights
Clergy
Upper: bishops and abbots
Lower: priest and monks
Peasants
Serfs
attached to the fiefdom
Free peasants, craftsmen and traders
Church
Pope
Cardinaks
Secular clergy
Bishop
Priest
Education
Regular abbot
monk
Political power of the church
Church and political powers were very close
monarchs appointed bishops and bishops attended cortes or parliament
The Pope could excommunicate
Remove people of the church when he want
The economic power of the church
Monarchs and nobles gave lands and fiefs to the church to win its favour or obtain salvation
Church became the main owner
Tithe
Tenth that the peasants had to pay
Cultura and the church
Responsible of spreading culture
Copying ancient texts
Responsible for education
Religious belifs:
Fear of hell
Fear of the end of the world
Hope for the meditation of saints and the Virgin Mary
Pilgrimages
Art: Romanesque (11-13)
Characteristics
Rural
Countryside or small villages
Promoted by nobility and the church
Religious buildings
Chapels,monasteries,cathedrals
Extended along pilgrimage routes
Churches that looked like fortresses
Thick walls
They served as refuges if people were attacked
Lack of windows
Dark
Appropriate for worship
Architecture
Thick stone walls, buttresses and columns and pillars
Features from Roman art
Semi-circular arches
Barrel vaults
Groin vaults
Domes
Foor plan
Latin cross
Farçades
Contained portals and towers
Paintings and sculpture
Decorative and educational purpose
Illiterate people could learn about the Bible
Symbolic character of images
Schematic style, inexpressive faces.
Size of figures depended on its importance
Sculptures
Stone, wood
Paintings
Walls or miniatures