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FEUDALISM AND HIGH MIDDLE AGES (Characteristics of the fiefdom (Castle,…
FEUDALISM AND HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Feudalism
Social, economic and politic
system
established in
the Christian kingdoms
during the
High middle ages
Characteristics
Monarchs loss
of power
relationships based
on
personal loyalty
Economy based
on small
self-sufficient
areas of land
called fiefdom
Origins of Feudalism
Division of
Carolingian empire
Europe suffered
attacks and
villages and cities
were sacked
Monarchs didn't
have resources
to help
their subjects
so they
ask nobles
for help
Monarchs divided
the lands
among the nobles
(as a reward)
this way
the monarchs
were weak
so the nobles
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Feudal system
Fiefdom
Land owned
by the
feudal lord
Serfs
people that
lived and work
in the
fiefdom
Power of
the nobles
increased
Deny military aid
Armies
to extend
their territories
feudal war
Insecurity
they built
castles
+
people
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Vassalage relationships
Vassal
person who voluntarity
promise his loyalty
to a person
more powerful
than himself
in return
to them
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The vassal
swore his loyalty
to the lord
in an
official act
known as
commendation ceremony
Feudal monarchy
Monarchs governed
with the aid of
Court
advise them
in important
governmental matters
Royal officiers
who served
the monarch
(the chancery)
Host
army composed of
private army
of monarch
and
provate army
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Characteristics of the fiefdom
Castle
Demesne
Village
Buildings of comunal use
Economy
Agriculture
cereal crops
+
vegetables
+
pulses
wine and beer
Products obtained
cheese
honey
milk
eggs
Livestock
like wool and leath
Agriculture techniques
-Three-years crop rotation
-Irrigation system
-Mouldboard plough
manure as fertiliser
Society
Dominant group
nobility
high nobilty
dukes
marquisis
counts
low nobility
knights
Clergy
high clergy
abbots
bishops
low clergy
priers
monks
Peasants
Free peasants
traders
craftsmen
serfs
The church
The pope
leader of Christians
Two braches of clergy
Secular clergy
celebrating and
religious education
Regular clergy
had to follow
the rules
of their role
Religious role
devoted their time
praying and
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Military role
praying
and fighting
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Political power
the monarch
appointed bishops
and they
attend
cortes and parliament
The pope
could excomunicate
whoever he want
it condemned
the victim
to go to
the hell
Nobles and monarch
gave lands
to the church
to win its
favour or
obtain salvation
Church became
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Culture
responsable of
spreading culture
and copying the
ancient text
monks
education
spreading religious
beliefs
Fear to hell
fear to the end of the world
hope of the
mediation of
the saints
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Art: Romanesque
Characteristics
Rural
countryside or small villages
Promoted by
nobility and monarchs
Religious buildings
chapels, monasterys and cathedrals
Extended along
pilgrimage routes
Churchs
similar to fortresses
thick walls
it served
as a refugiate
for the
people attacked
Lack of
windows
dark
more apropiated
for workship
Arquitechture
Thick stone walls
+buttresses
+colums and pillars
Features from Roman art
semi-circular arches
barrel vaults
groin vaults
domains
Floor plan
latin cross
Façades
contained portals
and towers
Painting and sculpture
Decorative and educational purpose
Symbolic characters of images
Schematic style
inexpressive faces.
Size of figures
depended on
its importance
Sculptures:
stone and wood
Paintings
walls and miniatures