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Cells and Organisation (All living Organisms are made of cells (All cells…
Cells and Organisation
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Respiration
This is the process which releases energy from food. Plants and animals need energy for movement, growth and repair. respiration usually needs oxygen and can be summarised by this simple equation
glucose - oxygen -) water - energy
Growth
Plants and animals grow from a single cell until they are adults. Animals usually stop growing at this stage but trees can keep growing until they cannot get enough nutrients from their surroundings
Nutrition
Plants and animals need food for energy and growth. green plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis. Animals cannot make their own food so they eat organic food made by plants.
Sensitivity
All living things can sense and react to changes in the environment. Animals react to temperature, light, sound, smell, taste,and physical stimuli, such as being jabbed with a pin. Plants react by growing towards light and away from gravity.
Movement
Animals use energy to move around in search of food, water, warmth and safety. Most plants are fixed by their roots. They move towards light, water and nutrients by growth. This is much slower than animal movement
Excretion
Nutrition and other processes produce waste material that cannot be used. Animals get rid of waste gases from their lungs. The kidneys keep the body free from impurities; they remove excess water from the blood and create a waste liquid called urine. Animals also excrete dissolved waste in sweat. Unused solid material is removed (egested) as faeces. plants accumulate waste products in their leaves. These are excreted when the leaves fall from the plant.
Reproduction
All living things can make new organisms like themselves. Simple organisms, such as bacteria, do this by splitting in half (asexual reproduction). Complex plants and animals reproduce sexually to produce fertilised eggs or seeds.
The common features of plant and animal cells allow these cells to carry out the basic processes necessary to remain alive. for example, within the cytoplasm the mitochondria are small structures that can release energy from food, and within the nucleus the DNA is arranged in a way which allows the cell to
control its own activities. The differences between plant and animal cells are due to the differences in lifestyle between animals and plants, especially in their different methods of nutrition. Plants make their own food by a process called photosynthesis; animals consume plants and/or other animals.