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Theme10. THE EMOTIONAL BRAIN (PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH…
Theme10. THE EMOTIONAL BRAIN
THE “SCHERER´S FIVE COMPONENT MODEL”: THE COGNITIVE-VISCERAL TRADE-OFF
fivecrucialelementsofemotionareidentified.
Actiontendencies
Expression
Bodilysymptoms
Feelings:
Cognitiveappraisal
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTION
Skin temperature
Pupillary responses and eye blinking
Heart rate and respiration
Salivary secretion
Galvanic skin response and blood pressure
Blood,SalivaandUrineAnalysis
Gastro-intestinalactivities.
Metabolic rate
Pilomotorresponse,tremor,andmuscletone.
EMOTION SPECIFITY IS A CONTROVERSIAL ISSUE
Lowerbrainstemperformthehomeostaticregulationofthecardiovascularsystem,therespiratorysystemandthegastrointestinaltract.
Upperbrainstem,hypothalamusandlimbicsystemproducedifferentresponsepatterns,whichcombinesomato-motor,autonomicandhormonaladjustments.
Emotions have distinct goals and need differentiated somato-visceral activations.
THE LIMBICSYSTEM: A COMPLEX RING-LIKE NETWORKFOR CONTROLLING EMOTION
Mainlyresponsibleforbasicemotions(fear,pleasure,anger),instincts,long-termmemory,olfactation,anddrivesmotivation
Thelimbicsystemisaclusterofbrainstructuresderivedfromthetelencephalon
Aberrationsofhumanbehaviorsinvolvealterationsinthelimbicsystem.
FUNCTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL LIMBIC STRUCTURES AND CONNECTIONS
Hippocampus
Long-term memory
Amygdala
Anxiety, aggression, fear conditioning; emotional memory and social cognition.
Parahippocampalgyrus
Spatial memory
Hypothalamus
Regulates the autonomic nervous system via hormone production and release. Secondarily affects and regulates blood pressure, heart rate, hunger, thirst, sexual arousal and the circadian rhythm sleep/wake cycle.
Cingulategyrus
Autonomic functions regulating heart rate and blood pressure as well as cognitive, attentional and emotional processing.
Mammilarybody
Memory
Nucleusaccumbens
Reward, Addiction