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Nervous System Roberto Ibarra Period 1 (Major part of the brain and their…
Nervous System Roberto Ibarra Period 1
Major functions of the nervous system: the 3 types of functions or processes involve the sensory input, integration, and motor output
Sensory Input: identifies the change in the inside and outside of the body
Integration: acknoledges the type of change in the body and evaluates the type of action that should be taken
Motor Output: activates the muscles and glands for a response and action
Major part of the brain and their functions/ Names of all the lobes and their functions
The brain consists of gray and white matter. The gray matter is nonmyyelinatedl neurons meanwhile the white matter has myelinated axons with fatty myelin
Ventricles in the lateral side are separated by the septum pellucidum
The lateral ventricle connects through the third ventricle with a fourth ventricle through a canal called the cerebral aqueduct.
The Cerebral Cortex is involved with seeing hearing speaking and thinking with motor areas affecting movement and sensory areas affecting the awareness of the body
Thalamus: forms the walls of the third ventricle in the diencephalon of the brain
The Hypothalamus is the lower part below the thalamus that is in charge of controlling the ANS system initiates emotions physically, regulates body temperature, food absorption, water and thirst senses, sleeping cycles and control the endocrine system
The medulla oblongata is included as the center of the cardiovascular system, respiratory centers and other activities like sneezing and hiccuping
The parietal lobe invokes senses of memory and senses of visualizing meanwhile the temporal lobe involves hearing sensing smelling and tasting
The frontal lobe include abilities of learning and memorizing and the occipital lobe includes recognition and identifying patterns
Neurotransmitters Identification: acetylcholine is the first found neurotransmitter released by the neuromuscular junction composed from acetic acid and choline into the synaptic vesicles
Biogenic Amines: include catecholamines and indolamines that play a role in emotional behavior
Amino Acids : include glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and gamma aminobutyric acid
Purines: adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy in the CNS and PNS meanwhile adenosine is an inhoibitor of the brain
Drugs that affect the brain
Meth: make the user feel intense pleasure due the excessive discharge of dopamine
Ecstasy: due to the transportation of serotonin outside of the cell, it overstimulates the cell and the bodies mood sleep rate and appetite
Heroin: the opiates are replaced with heroin which are the main transporters of signals of stress and emotions that mentally affect the brain and our health
Marijuana: anandimide is used for relaxation and calming due to the slowing of movement
Alcohol: as alcohol enters the brain it produces sedative responses and affects the memory pathways and impulse abilities
Diseases associated with the brain
Concussion: damage to the brain due to hard received impact
Contusion: many concussions that can bruise the brain
Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs): also referred to as strokes, is when the blood is not able to tresspass towards the brain which lead to the brain tissue dying (ischemia)
Alzheimer disease: degenerative disease that leads to dementia which is the deterioration of mentality and suffer from memory loss
Parkinson's Disease: the lack of production of dopamine which leads to the over activeness of basal nuclei
The layers of the meninges: the 3 connective tissue membranes that cover/protect the CNS, protect blood vessels, sustain cerebrospinal fluid, and form partitions in the skull
Dura mater: a leathery strong meninx that covers the brain and spinal cord with its 2 layered sheet of fibrous connective tissue
Arachnoid mater forms the loose brain section which is separated from the dura mater by the subdural space
Pia mater: has delicate connective tissue and tiny blood vessels which are interlocked with the brain
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
The 2 divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous (CNS) system and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Sensory (Afferent) Division: conducts impulses towards the CNS
Motor (Efferent) Division: carries impulses towards the muscles and glands from the CNS
Somatic Nervous System: voluntarily carries impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles through motor nerve fibers
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac and smooth muscles and glands
Sympathetic Division: helps mobilize the body systems during movement
Parasympathetic Division: restores the body during its resting periods in the body