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B1 Cell Structure (Eukaryotes (Most are 5 μm – 100 μm, Contains cell…
B1 Cell Structure
Eukaryotes
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Contains cell membrane, but only plants and fungi have a cell wall
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DNA in nucleus, plasmids in few simple organisms
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Microscopes
1590s - Dutch spectacle makers Jansenn put first lenses in tubes and made the first compound microscope
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Late 1600s - Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek constructed a single spherical lens microscope that magnified up to x275
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Measuring cell size
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Count the number of divisions on the eyepiece graticule that correspond with a set measurement on the micrometer
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Eyepiece graticule - Glass or plastic disc fitted into eyepiece of a microscope, it has a scale and is used to estimate size of specimen when viewed with microscope
Stage micrometer - Glass slide with a scale, used to calibrate eyepiece graticule
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Animal and plant cells
Cytoplasm - Jelly like material containing dissolved nutrients, salts and organelles. Many chemical reactions happen here
Nucleus - Contains genetic material including DNA, controls the cells activities
Cell membrane - Permeable to some substances, controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
Mitochondria - Organelles with enzymes for respiration also where most energy is released in respiration
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Nerve cells
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Cell has extension and branches so that it can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
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Dendrite, nucleus, axon, nerve ending, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Plant cells
Chloroplast - Organelles that contain green pigment, chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains enzymes for photosynthesis
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Xylem cell
No top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, continues column of water running through them
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