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Geography Paper 3 (Forests under threat (Sustainable tropical management…

- - - - Herb Layer
      - Shrub layer
      - Under-canopy
      - Canopy
      - Emergant
    - - Trees grow really tall, up to 40metres to get to the light as the forest blocks it out
      - Leaves have drip tips to let the water come off quickly
      - Mould grows on wet surfaces to block out sunlight for the leaves
      - Roots have to be shallow in the soil because the nutrients is more concentrated and only in the top layer of the soil
  - - - Some animals will migrate south during the winter months like the Canadian goose.
      - Some animals with hibernate like the brown bear
      - The others may have feathers or fur that goes white in the winter not only for camouflage but also for warmth
    - - Leaf have a needle shape to reduce water loss and stop them from dropping off as the tree needs to photosynthesise all the way through the year
      - Many taiga trees are coned shaped and have downward facing branches to sieve the snow
      - There are very few organisms in this ecosystem as many cannot deal with the extreme condititions
  - - - Wood for fuel
      - Electricity (HEP)
      - Mining
      - Biofuels
      - Logging
      - Agriculture
  - - - Logging to get softwood timber
    - - Mining (fossil fuels)
      - Creating dams (HEP)
  - - - Stops endangered species getting exported or imported
      - 181 countries have signed up
      - We don't know if the countries are actually reinforcing the CITES rules
      - Doesn't control illegal poaching
    - - Monitors schemes by remote sensing and visits
      - Backed by the united nations
      - Has a lot of money behind it
      - Isn't focusing specifically on rainforests
  - - - People and companies want to make as much money as possible
    - - Local people, indigenous people and future generations need to be considered
    - - Allows the environment to continue in the future
  - - - Species migrate so it would be difficult to control and there isn't enough money
    - - Takes less time to take trees than to regrow them
- - - - Renewable
      - Non-renewable
      - Recyclable
  - - - Large new reserves
      - Close to large conusmers
      - Costs are reduced because the Artic ice is melting
    - - Finding the right places to extract oil and gas cost billions
      - Pollution in the Artic is very expensive to clear up
      - The challenging conditions of the Artic means is difficult and expensive
- - - - Taiga biome
        
        High latitudes (far north)
        
        Sun rays are weak
        
        The carnivorous trees are adapted to the cold by having needle leaves
      - Temperate biome
        
        Forests that have high rainfall
        
        Seasons where trees lose their leaves in the winters
      - Tundra biome
        
        In artic circle
        
        Suns rays are spread out and give little heat
        
        Little rainfall as well
        
        Little vegetation, only short grass
      - Desert biome
        
        Close to tropic of cancer and capricorn
        
        Hot and dry climate
        
        Concentrated rays
      - Tropical biome
        
        Mainly tropical rainforests
        
        Found along the equator
        
        Hot temperature with heavy rainfall
  - - - He believed that whilst food production grew arithmetically, population grew geometrically meaning the world will soon run out of food
      - He believed that famine will then reduce the population
    - - She believed that technology will improve the production of food and the population should be more worried about natural disasters