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Urinary System (Nephron (basic definiton (renal corpuscle + kidney tubule…
Urinary System
Nephron
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renal tubule consists of the proximal convoluted tubule, which leads into the nephron loop, and then into the distal convoluted tubule
renal tubule - prox. convol. tubule = close to the glomerulus... it's a twisted tube dude!!! - found in cortex
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cortical nephron - in the cortex, 85% are this type
juxtamedullary nephron - closer to medulla than others, VERY long nephron loop; WHY? makes it possible to concentrate urine, take water out (conserve water)
Terminology
filtration = blood is pushed through glomerulus (which is a collection of capillaries) into the capsule
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secretion = moving substances from the PERITUBULAR blood capillaries to the tubule (this is the opposite of resorption)
collecting duct = major function is to reabsorb water, under influence of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone - ADH)
Urinary tract
(ureters, urinary bladder, urethra) = passageways
ureters, we have 2, they are retroperitoneal
urinary bladder, detrusor muscle thrusts down
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Functions
Regulation of:
concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl- in the blood; hydrogen ion (pH)
volume of blood, i.e. regulating water
Excretions of: WASTES, mainly nitrogen and foreign substances, environmental toxins
Anatomy of the kidneys
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internal
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medullary structures, also called medullary PYRAMIDS, are a collection of tubules
minor/major calices - calices collect urine from tubules, goes from minor to major to renal pelvis
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