Martin Kaylee Nervous System Period 1
Major functions of the nervous system
There are sensory neurons which carry information to the CNS and motor neurons which carry information from the CNS
The main functions of the nervous system are to maintain body homeostasis with electrical signals, provide for sensation, higher mental functioning, and emotion response, and activate muscles and glands.
Major divisions and sub divisions of the nervous system
The two major divisions of the nervous system are: CNS and PNS. CNS is central nervous system and PNS is peripheral nervous system.
Major parts of the brain and their functions
corpus callosum, cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, limbic system, hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata.
Corpus callosum: connects two brain hemispheres. cutting it= lobotomy
cerebellum: "little brain" , movement, posture, balance
Brain stem: Underneath the limbic system, responsible for vital life functions
thalamus: sensory switchboard of the brain. sends messages to where they need to go in the brain, or from the brain.
Limbic system: "emotional brain" thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus
Hypothalamus: a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system (heart, lungs, etc.)
pons: motor control, sensory analysis
medulla oblongata: vital body functions (breathing, heart rate
names of all the lobes and functions
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobe
frontal lobe:reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
Parietal lobe: movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
Occipital lobe: visual processing
temporal lobe: perception, auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
meninges
pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid mater
pia mater:
-innermost layer
-thin, contains blood vessels
-attached to surface of brain and spinal cord
-nourishes brain cells & protects
arachnoid mater
middle layer
-thin, web-like membrane
-lacks blood vessels
-between dura and pia
*subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia, contains cerebrospinal fluid
dura mater:
-outermost layer
-made of tough, white, fiborous connective tissue
-contains many blood vessels
-attaches to inside of cranial cavity
spaces and ventricles
ventricles and cavities
a ventricle is cavities between the cerebrum and brain stem
dural sinuses are
space between dural layers at specific dural projection junctures. take away cerebral spinal fluid from arachnoid space
classifications of neruons
the classification of neurons are The number of processes (dendrites and axon) extending from the neuron cell body
major parts and functions of the spinal cord.
Functions of the spinal cord
has two functions:
1) it caries sensory information to the brain and motor output to nerves
2) it mediates spinal reflexes
action potential
A neuron carries a message from one part of the body to the other.
drugs that affect the brain
They work in the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information.
different drugs affect the brain and body in different ways. there are three main types of drugs: stimulants,hallucinogens, and depresseants:
brain diseases
Infections, trauma, stroke, seizures, and tumors
major nerves of the body
nerves of the body
axillary
phrenic
musculocutaneous
radial
median
ulnar
femoral
lumbar
obturator
sciatic
tibial
common fibular
deep fibular
superficial fibular
cranial nerves
I Olfactory, II - OpticIII - OculomotorIV - TrochlearV - TrigeminalVI - Abducens VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)IX - GlossopharyngealX - VagusXI - Spinal AccessoryXII - Hypoglossal
spinal nerves
junction of dorsal and ventral root
-carries sensory and motor info
components of spinal nerve
click to edit
- anterior root
- posterior root
- posterior root ganglion
neurotransmitters
a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate and action potential
anatomy of spinal cord
31 pairs: 8 pair cervical, 12 pair thoracic, 5 pair lumbar, 5 pair sacral,1 coccygeal for spine