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BrendaBarckDigestiveSystem.pdf (Stomach (Cells/Glands (Parietal-produce…
BrendaBarckDigestiveSystem.pdf
Major Functions
breaks down food into pieces small enough to be absorbed into the circulatory system
elimantes what we cant break down
GI Tract
tube from one end to the other (mouth to anus)
Accessory Digestive Organs
these add to the contents of the tube
salivary glands
parotid, sublingual, submandibular
liver
gall bladder-stores bile,
filters toxins, stores glucose as glycogen, stores some vitamins, makes blood proteins, processes fats and amino acids
pancreas
secretes enzymes, acini-produces and secretes 22+ enzymes that enter the duodenum
Mechanical Digestion
cuts food up into smaller pieces-teeth, stomach,small intestine
Segmentation-mechanical movement that mixes the contents toghether
Peristalsis-movement that doesnt mix things up, it moves them forward. occurs from esophagus to the large intestine
Pathway of Food
mouth-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestines-large intestine-anus
Chemical Digestion
adds chemicals (enzymes)-mouth (saliva), stomach (adds chemicals), small intestine (many from pancreas)
Messentery
double layer of peritoneum from the body wall to the digestive organs. holds organs in place. stores fat. provides a place for blood vessels and nerves to hang out
Mesocolon-transverse and sigmoid colon connected to post. wall
Lessor omentum-between stomach and liver
Mesentery Proper-jejunum and ileum
Greater omentum-covers intestines, can wrap around and enclose infected or inflammed organs
Intraperitoneal
within the paratineal
liver-stomach-transverse colon-jejunum-ileum-sigmoid colon
Retroperitoneal
behind the paratineal
duodenum-pancreas-ascending and descending colon-rectum
Stomach
stores food, mechanical and chemical digestion
Cells/Glands
Parietal-produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor-needed for absorption of vit. B12 which is needed to produce erthrocytes
Chief-secretes pepsinogen and acid-breaks down proteins
Cardiac sphincter-prevents reflex of acid into esophagus
Pyloric sphincter-regulates the amount of chyme moving onto the the small intestine
rugae-increase the storage capacity
Small Intestine
biggest function-absorption! continues mechanical digestion with segmentation, chemical digestion-adding enzymes
features-circular folds, villi, microvilli
duodenal glands (brunner glands)-secretes alkaline mucus-neutralizes acid from the stomach and offers protection by coating the stomach lining from its own chemicals
intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)-secretes water and intestinal juice-liquid state
peyer patches (lymphatic nodules)-collection of lymphocytes
Large Intestine
ileocecal valve-prevents back flow
water and electrolytes absorption
teniae coli-3 stripes of longitudinal muscle, contract and pull into pouches
haustra-sac that make the large intestine
anal canal
internal and external sphincters, mucus glands for lubrication
rectum
storage of feces