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Nervous System Julia Marousek (Cranial nerves (abducens nerve, trigeminal…
Nervous System Julia Marousek
major functions
collect sensory input from body
respond to the sensory input
process and interpret
Major divisions and subdivisions
PNS
sensory division
somatic- touch, pain, pressure, temp.
visceral- stretch, pain, temp., chemical changes
motor division
somatic- motor innervation of all skeletal muscles
CNS
brain and spinal cord
Major part of the brain and
their functions
brainstem - controls flow of messages between brain and rest of body
thalamus- process info to and from spinal cord
medulla- connects part of peripheral nervous system to brain
pons- message station between several areas of brain
cerebellum- brain function (coordination and in movement)
cerebrum- largest part of brain
frontal lobe- thinking, memory, behavior, and movement
occipital lobe- sight
parietal lobe- language and touch
temporal lobe- hearing, learning, feelings
the layers of the meninges
dura mater- outermost, double layer of tissue
pia mater- innermost, tough membrane of connective tissue
archoid mater- middle layer
Spaces &
ventricles
ventricles
2 lateral
third - between thalamus and lateral ventricles
fourth - cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Classification of neurons
stimulus
mechanoreceptors
respond to touch,pressure, vibration, and stretch
thermoreceptors
sensitive to changes in tempuratures
location
interoceptors
sensitive to chemical changes, tissue stretch
extroreceptors
respond to stimuli arising outside body
receptor structure
general senses
found throughout body
special senses
vision hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste
Action potential
1) resting potential
2) depolarization
4) hyperpolarization
3) repolarization
Drugs that affect the brain
LSD- evokes startle response to unexpected stimulus
heroine- feeling of sedation
ecstasy- affects serotonin
cocaine- rewards pathway and unvoluntary movement
marijuana- slows movement
meth- makes people feel intense pleasure and exhilaration
alcohol- affects impulse control, memory formation, and decision making
Diseases associated with the brain
parkinson's - degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons
hypersomnia - person sleeps 15+ hours
encephalopathy - any disease or disorder in the brain
alzheimer's - progressive degenerative disease of the brain
Cranial nerves
abducens nerve
trigeminal nerve
oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
olfactory nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
optic nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
facial nerve
hypoglossal nerve
vagus nerve
accessory nerve
Spinal nerves
8 pairs of cervical nerves
1 pair of coccygeal nerves
5 pairs of sacral nerves
5 pairs of lumbar nerves
12 pairs of thoracic nerves
Neurotransmitters
ach- voluntary motor control
dopamine- regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal
glutamine- info transmission
reflex arc
effector organs- muscle that performs appropriate response
receptor- sensory cell that is stimulated
motor neuron- efferent neuron that transmits response to effector organ
interneuron- small neuron w/in spinal cord
sensory neuron- afferent neuron that transmits impulse to spinal cord