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THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES AND FEUDALISM (THE CHURCH (2 branches of clergy…
THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES AND FEUDALISM
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
The original of feudalism
División of the Carolingian Empire
monarchs divide lands
among the nobles
King was weak
nobles managed to:
power became hereditary
absolute power
over the inhabits
monarchs haven't resources
ask the nobles
The feudal monarchy
Royal officials
chancery
host
the court
Characteristics of the fiefdom
village
demesne
castle
place of comunal use
serfs
peasants
power of the nobility
deny millitary aid
armies to extend domains
feudal wars
insecurity
nobility built castles
+
people looking for protection
fiefdom
land owned
ECONOMY
agriculture tecniques
irrigation techniques
three-year crop rotation
manure as fertiliser
mouldboard plough
livestock
meat rarely consumed
wool and leather
from animals
subsistence economy
agriculture
vegetables
pulses
cereal crops
wine
mediterranean
beer
rest of Europe
SOCIETY
clergy
praying to
guarantee salvation
upper
bishops
abbots
lower
priests
monks
peasants
worked for the rest
serfs
attached to the fief
traders
craftsmens
free peasants
nobility
dominant group
higher
dukes
marquisis
counts
lower
knights
THE CHURCH
Organization of the church
Pope
2 branches of clergy
secular clergy
regular clergy
religious orders
millitary orders
The political power of the Church
were very close
monarchs appointed bishops
bishops attended cortes
Pope could excommunicate
The economic power of the Church
Church became
the main land owner
tithe
tenth of agricultural production
peasants had to pay
Culture and the Church
responsible of spending culture
copying ancient texts
responsible of education
spreading religious beliefs
fear of hell
fear of end of world
hope for mediation of
saints
virgin Mary
ART:ROMANESQUE
Architecture
thick Stone walls
buttresses
columns and pillars
features from Roman art
semi-circular arches
barrel vaults
groin vaults
domes
floor plan
Latin cross
façades
contained
portals
towers
Painting and sculpture
decorative and educational purposes
symbolic character of images
schematic style
sculptures
Stone and wood
paintings
walls or miniatures
Characteristics
prometed by
nobility and the Church
religious buildings
Rural
countrysade
extended along pilgrimage routes
thick walls
lack of windows
dark
appropriate for worship