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Urinary System (Functional comparison (Kedney (urine formations), Ureter…
Urinary System
Functional comparison
Kedney
urine formations
Ureter
Transport of urine to urinary bladder
Urethra
urine drainage from bladder to outside the body
Urinary bladder
Storage site for urine
Urethra
Thin-walled tube
Functions to drain urine from the urinary bladder and convey it to outside the body
Male urethra has 3 parts based on the location
Prostate urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
Ureter
Slender tube that is continuation of renal pelvis
Functions to transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
Functions as a temporary storage sac for urine
Detrusor muscle lines at the wall of urinary bladder
Relaxes to allow urine accumulation
Constricts to force urine out from the urinary bladder
General function & processes of urinary system
Functions
Regulation of
Concentration of glucose, hydrogen ion (blood pH) and Ions in blood such as sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride ions
Blood volume by regulating water retention
Excretion of
Wastes & excess ions
Main wastes are nitrogenous compounds
Foriegn substances
Environmental toxins
Processes
Filteration
The process of filtering blood in the glomerulus by pushing blood through the glomerulus
Absorption
Taking back of the filterate from renal tubules into the blood capillaries
Secretion
Moving of substances from blood capillaries into tubules
Kidneys
Structural components
External structure of kidney
Renal hilum
This is where vessels, nerves and ureter enter and exit at the kidney
Coverings
Fibrous capsule
Thin tough layer of dense connective tissue
Renal fascia
Just external to perirenal fat capsule
Perirenal fat
External to renal capsule
Internal structures of kidney
Cortical structures
Renal corpuscles
Glomerulus ; capillaries
Glomerulus capsule surrounds the glomerulus
Filters blood passing it
Medullary Structure
Renal pyramids
Collection of tubules that collect urine from the renal columns of the cortex
Renal Pelvis
Major calices ; branching extensions of renal pelvis
Divide to form minor calices
Attached to renal papillae of renal pyramids to collect formed urine
Structure & function of Nephron
Comprise of
Renal corpuscle
First part of the nephron
Site for filteration
Renal tubules
Site for resorption & secretion
Second part of the nephron
Types of renal tubules
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
U-shaped loop found in renal medulla
Distal convoluted tubule
functions to conserve body fluids under the influence of ADH
Collecting ducts
functions to conserve body fluids under the influence of ADH
Functions for urine formation
Types of Nephron
Cortical nephron
85% of all nephrons belong to this type
located in the renal cortex
Juxtamedullary Nephron
15% of all nephrons belong to this type
found near the medulla
Two types of capillary occur in kidneys
Glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
Occur around the renal tubules
Trace urine from formation to its disposal out the body
renal tubule
collecting ducts
minor calices
major calices
renal pelvis
ureter
uniranary bladder
urethra
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