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DigestiveSystemLeonardCrain (GI Tract - Gastrointestinal tract - (Small…
DigestiveSystemLeonardCrain
GI Tract - Gastrointestinal tract -
Mouth/ oral cavity
Stomach - stores food, performs mechanical & chemical digestion - produce Chyme
Gastric Glands
Parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid & intrinsic factor - needed to absorb vitamin B12 which is used to produce erythrocytes
Chief Glands - secrete pepsinogen which is activated by acid becomes pepsin - which breaks down proteins
Sphinctors
Cardiac sphincter - ensures that stomach acid does mot move up into the esophagus
Pyloric Sphincter - regulates chymes movement into the small intestine
Rugea
Also known as gastric folds, used to increase surface area which increases storage capacity in the stomach
Small Intestine - continue mechanical digestion (segmentation), chemical digestion (enzymes) and absorption
Circular Folds - makes small intestine very absorbable - (via increasing surface area)
Villi - on circular folds
Microvilli - brush border
Intestinal glands & other parts of the small intestine
Duodenal Glands - Secretes alkaline mucus -- to neutralize acid from stomach (also provides protection).
Intestinal Glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)
Peyer patches - collection of lymphocytes
Large intestine - absorbs water & electrolytes
Teniae Coli - 3 strips of longitudinal muscle - contracts to form Haustra
Haustra - pouches, pulled & formed by teniae coli
Epiploic appendages - attached to both teniae coli & large intestine
Rectum - storage of feces - well developed muscle to expel feces
Anal Canal - lubrication, internal (smooth) + external (skeletal) sphincters
Accessory Organs
Salivary Glands
Parotid salivary glands
Submandibular Salivary Gland
Sublinguil
Liver
Making bile - stored in the gallbladder
Filter Toxins
Store glucose as glycogen
Gall bladder - store and concentrate bile
stores vitamins
Process fats & amino acids
Makes blood proteins
Pancreas
Acini - cells that make up the bulk of the pancreas - an exocrine gland - that produces/secrete 22 + enzymes enter the duodenum
Digestion
Mechanical Digestion - Physical breakdown of the material - located in the stomach and small intestine, mouth (teeth)
Chemical Digestion - chemical breakdown of material (food turns into a different substance) - Mouth (saliva), stomach, small intestine/ pancreas
Movement
Segmentation - segments food and mixes them while propelling them forward
Peristalsis - Keep items moving forward -- occurs through the esophagus all the way to the large intestine
Peritoneum & Mesenteries
Mesentery - double layer of peritoneum from body wall to digestible organs - also holds organs in place
Mesentery proper - with in the jejunum and ileum
Mesocolon - Transverse + sigmoidcolon, connected to posterior wall
Lesser Omentum - starts at the lessor curvature & connects to the liver
Greater Omentum - Comes of the greater curvature connects to the spleen - is capable of movement (via movement from the organism) - also wraps around inflamed organs.
Periotineal
Intraperitoneal - includes liver, stomach, transverse colon, jejunum + Ilium, sigmoid colon
Duodenum + pancreas, ascending + descending colon & rectum