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P.6 Nervous System (cranial nerves (Olfactory (Smell), Optic (Sight),…
P.6 Nervous System
cranial nerves
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Facial (Taste, tears, saliva, facial expressions)
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Glossopharyngeal (Swallowing, saliva, taste)
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Accessory (Moving head & shoulders, swallowing)
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spinal nerves
carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body
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Lobes and functions
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parietal
processes information about temperature, taste, touch and movement
temporal
involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex
be divided into two functional regions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system
Action potential
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inside of the neuron is negative relative to the outside, sodium ions rush into the neuron
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spaces and ventricles
lateral ventricles
two largest cavities of the ventricular system of the human brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
third ventricle
is in the midline, between the left and right lateral ventricles and helps to protect the brain from injury and transport nutrients and waste
fourth ventricle
protect the human brain from trauma (via a cushioning effect) and to help form the central canal, which runs the length of the spinal cord
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anatomy of spinal cord
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three major roles are to relay messages from the brain to different parts of the body, to perform an action, to pass along messages from sensory receptors to the brain, and to coordinate reflexes that are managed by the spinal cord alone
formed by the foramina of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae, which together form the spine
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter used by neurons in the PNS and CNS in the control of functions ranging from muscle contraction and heart rate to digestion and memory
norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning and mood regulation
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tissues
gray matter
composed of the cell bodies of neurons (nerve cells) and other cells which support their structure and metabolism
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Divisions of PNS
somatic nervous system
part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves.
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Layer of mininges
three layers
arachnoid mater
a fine, delicate membrane, the middle one of the three membranes or meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord, situated between the dura mater and the pia mater
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reflexes arc
A sensory neuron carries the message from the receptor to the central nervous system (the spinal cord and brain). A motor neuron carries the message from the central nervous system to the effector. In a knee-jerk reflex arc the sensory neuron directly connects to the motor neuron in the spinal cord
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