Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
p2 (hydraulics (pressure in a fluid is caused by particles in the fluid…
p2
hydraulics
pressure in a fluid is caused by particles in the fluid moving around and bumping into the sides of the container
-
pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions and causes a force at right angle to any surface
-
liquids are incompressible, is a force is applied to one point in a liquid, net force is trasmitted to other points in the liquid
used as force multipliers, two pistons, one smaller, pressure transmitted equally through a liquid so same pressure in each piston
pressure exerted in first piston is small force on small area, transmitted to second piston with larger area, so larger force
Hooke's law
-
-
linear relationship for small forces, gradient equal to spring constant
most objects still deform elastically for a little bit after reaching limit of proportionality but will run out and deform plastically
hang spring on clamp stand without masses, measure spring length
weigh masses and add one at a time to hook so force increases
measure new length each time for extension
plot force against extension
deformation
when forces are applied an object can be stretched, compressed or bent
deformation needs at least two forces, think pulling a string needs forces at both ends
if it returns to its original shape after forces are removed, elastic deformation
if it doesn't, plastic deformation
moments
-
-
for maximum moment push at right angles to the spanner
any other angle is smaller as the perpendicular distance between line of action and pivot is smaller
-
gears
-
-
small gear applies force to the gear next to it, if the second gear is larger, force being applied further from the pivot so moment of second gear is larger
bigger gear moves slower, and multiply moment
power
measure of how quickly work is being done
as work is done = energy transferred
power is the rate at which energy is transferred
-
-
levers
transfer turning effect of a force
increase distance from the pivot so less input force is needed
provides output force to a load
force multipliers, reduce force needed
input force / output force = distance of output force from pivot / distance of input force from pivot
-