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Nervous System Gerardo Hurtado (Drugs that affect the brain (mouse party…
Nervous System
Gerardo Hurtado
Major functions of the
nervous system;
Names of all the lobes and their functions;
occipital
temporal
frontal
Spaces &
ventricles;
Major parts and
functions of the spinal cord;
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system;
Tissues (structure & function of a neuron);
classifications
structure
classified by the number of processes extending from the cell body
multipolar: 3+ processes
bipolar:
unipolar: 1 short process
function
association interneuron: shuttle signals through CNS pathways
sensory;afferent: from sensory receptors in the skin or internal organs and towards the CNS
direction in which nerve impulses travel relative to the CNS
motor;efferent: away from the CNS to the muscles, glands
function
conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
structure
myelin sheath gap, node of Ranvier: rapid conduction of nerve impulses
schwann cell: supports nerve regeneration
axon: conduction region
axon hillock: site of action potential generation
nucleus
dendrites
cell body
nucleolus
terminal branches
axon terminals: secretory region
Classification of neurons;
Action potential;
Major part of the brain and
their functions;
the layers of the meninges;
Drugs that affect the brain (mouse party and drugs of
abuse);
heroin
cause: inhibitory transmitters shut down, dopamine releases
effect: produces feelings of sedation and well-being
alcohol
cause: binds to glutamate receptors; prevents cell excitement
effect: affects memory formation, decision making, impulse control
ecstasy
cause: releases serotonin & enters the cell
effect: affects mood, sleep, perception, appetite; moderately addictive
marijuiana
cause: shuts down inhibitory transmitters, which releases dopamine
effect: slows movement, removes unnecessary short-term memory
methamphetamine
cause: mimics dopamine, causing it to be released rather than ingested
effect: produces feelings of intense exhilaration, pleasure
cocaine
cause: blocks dopamine transmitters and overstimumlates the cell
effect: fidgety, not still
LSD
cause: inhibits serotonin receptors and excites them
effect: produces feelings of wonderfulness, exaggerated responses to stimulus
Major nerves of the body;
divisions of the PNS of the
body (ex. Sensory, motor, somatic, etc...);
Diseases associated with the brain;
Alzheimer's disease: deterioration of the brain &
leads to dementia
Huntington's disease: massive degeneration of basal
nuclei & causes wild, jerky body movements
Parkinson's disease: degeneration of dopamine leads to persistent tremor, stiff facial movement, bent posture
Coverings;
Spinal nerves;
Cranial nerves;
anatomy of the spinal cord;
5 lumbar segments
5 sacral segments
12 thoracic segments
1 coccygeal segment - mainly vestigeal
8 cervical segments
Neurotransmitters: how neurons communicate, integrate, and send messages to the rest of the body
classification
function
effects
excitatory - causes depolarization
inhibitory - causes hyperpolarization
actions
indirect - act through intracellular molecules
direct - bind to and open ion channels
chemical structure
gases and lipids
purines
peptides
amino acids
acteylcholine
biogenic amines
gasotransmitters
endocannabinoids
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system;
reflex arc.