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Blood Glucose (Rise in Blood Glucose Concentration (ATP binds to the…
Blood Glucose
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Diabetes
Diabetes type 1 is an auto-immune disease, where the body's own cells destroy the insulin-releasing beta cells, and so the effect is that little or no insulin is released, which can lead to hyperglycemia.
Diabetes type 2 is not due to problems with the beta cells, but the problem lies with the non-functioning receptors on the hepatocytes. People with diabetes type 2 can still manufacture and secrete insulin, but certain factors will reduce the responsiveness to the hormone over time.
Ergo (a modern treatment of diabetes type 1) involves the injection of insulin (which is made by bacteria).
The treatment of type 2 diabetes is simply monitoring lifestyle. Regular exercise and a healthy diet are the best ways to reduce the chance of developing late-onset diabetes.
The Pancreas
The Islets of Langerhans consist of two types of cells. There are alpha cells which manufacture and secrete the hormone glucagon. There are beta cells which manufacture and secrete insulin hormones. The islets are well supplied with blood capillaries and the hormones are secreted directly into the blood.
The pancreatic juice is a liquid containing a number of digestive enzymes. It includes the enzymes amylase, pancreatic lipase, carboxypeptidase, elastase and trypsinogen.
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