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Organelles and phylogeny of microbial eukaryotes (17.1 Endosymbiosis &…

- - - - green algae
        
        euglenids
        
        chlorarachniophytes
      - red algae
        
        alveolates
        
        stramenopiles
- - - - freshwater & marine habitat
      - cell wall made of silica and called frustules
      - over 100000 species of diatom
      - exhibit radial & pinnate symmetry
    - - also called chrysophytes
      - golden brown in colour as chloroplast pigment dominated by fucoxanthin
      - most are unicellular
      - some are colonial
    - - cell wall made of celulose, not chitin as in fungi
      - Phytophtora infestans cause late blight disease in potatoes
      - also called as water mold based on their filamentous growth & coenocytic hyphae
    - - marine & multicellular
- - - - posses cilia at some stage of their life
      - most widely distributed genus is paramecium
      - contain 2 nuclei (micronucleus & macronucleus)
      - during conjugation 2 paramecia exchange their micronuclei
      - some cilia are animal parasite
    - - hv 2 flagella with different insertion on the cell
      - diverse marine and freshwater phototrophic organisms
      - some free living & others live symbiotically with corals
      - dense suspension of these cells is called red tide
      - associated with fish kills and human poisoning (paralytic shellfish poisoning)
        
        Pfiesteria piscicida is genus of toxic dinoflagellates
    - - causes severe disease such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, coccidiosis
      - contain apicoplast
        
        degenerate chloroplast that lack pigment & phototrophic capacity
      - obligate parasites of animal
      - Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite
- - - - exclusively marine organisms
      - form shell like structure called tests
        
        made from organic materials reinforced with calcium carbonate
        
        White cliff of Dover
    - - phototrophic amoeba-like organism that has a flagellum for dispersal
- - - - free living, inhabit soil & aquatic environment
      - move by amoeboid movement (cytoplasmic streaming)
    - - parasites of vertebrate & invertebrate
    - - motile
      - plasmodial
        
        masses of protoplasm
      - cellular
        
        vegetative form composed single amoeba
        
        form haploid macrocysts
        
        fruiting body is formed