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Reproductive System (Male (Other Organs/Components (Spermatic Cord:…
Reproductive System
Male
External Anatomy
Scrotum: holds the testes and keeps them cool, outside of the body (keeps about 3 degrees cooler than body temp.)
Penis: composed of smooth, connective tissue, and vascular space (fills with blood when aroused), composed of corpus cavernosum (2) and corpus spongiosum (1)
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Gonads
Testes: production of sperm, under influence of gonadotropin
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Interstitial Cells: create testosterone (maintains the male sexual character and organs), under the influence of luteinizing hormone (anterior pituitary), located between the seminiferous tubules
Accessory Glands
Seminal Vesicles: secrete nutrients for sperm, secrete substances that increase sperm motility, suppress the female immune response, clot semen and then liquify within the vagina
Prostate Gland: adds sperm motility and clotting of semen then liquifying in the female vagina (similar to seminal vesicles function)
Bulbourethral Gland: secrete an alkaline mucus to neutralize acids from urine (in the urethra) and lubricate the urethra, secretes slightly before ejaculation of semen.
Other Organs/Components
Spermatic Cord: includes the testicular artery + testicular vein (venous plexus: absorbs heat) + nerves + vas deferens
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Ejaculatory duct: starts from the seminal vesicles, eliminate sperm, found in the prostate gland
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Female
External Anatomy
Labia Majora: the larger more lateral fold of skin near the opening of the vagina, protection
Labia Minora: the smaller more medial fold of skin near the opening of the vagina, protection
Clitoris: bean-shaped structure above/superior to the urethral opening and at the top where the labia majora and labia minora come together
Gonads
Ovaries: matures the oocytes so that they can be released, females contain all the eggs they will ever have/need when they are born, under the influence of follicle stimulating hormone, secrete estrogen and progesterone (to maintain female sex character and organs)
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Other Organs/Components
Uterine Tube/Fallopian Tube: a passageway for ovum (oocyte that leaves the ovary), sperm, and fertilized eggs (zygote), bring toward the uterus via cilia that sweep and peristalsis (smooth muscle contractions - involuntary)
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Uterus: The "house" for the embryo, retroperitoneal, passageway for sperm into the uterine tubes and zygotes into the uterus to grow.
Perimetrium: outer layer, serous membrane, draped over the uterus
Myometrium: middle layer, thick muscular layer, contract during child birth, contains smooth muscle
Endometrium: inner layer, mucosal layer, contain 2 other layers
functional layer: build up during the mensural cycle (28 day period about) and is shed when a female has her period on around days 1-5 of the menstral cycle
basal layer: layer that is not shed, deep to the functional layer, makes new functional layer when it is shed