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Utilitarianism (Rule utilitarianism (Mill (Liberty of expression (Waldron,…
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- All individual behavior is subject to the utilitiarian calculus
Individuals should be free - within legal boundaries - to at she sees fit. But law and state institutions should be subject to the utilitarian calculus
The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others
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- hard to separate harm to yourself and harm to others: interconnected lives
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- difficult to apply to every single act you do
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- BUT: practically inseparable from it
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- if the opinion is right: opponents are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth
- if wrong: they lose a clearer perception and a livelier impression of truth
- the truth requires adversarial conditions >> living truth must be fully, frequently and fearlessly discussing, otherwise it is a dead dogma
- Speech act does not cause harm
- Freedom of speech is in line with freedom of thought
- Contributes to adversarial process of finding the truth
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- Public affairs is more than self-expression; it is the essence of self-government
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